《管理学》第七版MBA第五讲：组织行为PPT格式课件下载.ppt

1、职员被作为一个独立的个体来对待，工作任务、目标和报酬等以个体为导向。工作任务、目标和报酬等以个体为导向。自自我我管管理理的的团团队队方方式式：这这种种组组织织方方式式通通常常被被定定义义为为多多个个个个体体的的集集合合，每每一一个个成成员员与与其其他他成成员员拥拥有有一一个个共共同同的的目目标标，每每一一个个成成员员的的报报酬酬依依赖赖于于整个团队的经营业绩。整个团队的经营业绩。层级组织的方式：某个人专职从事对其他成员的层级组织的方式：某个人专职从事对其他成员的监督和协调工作。尽管大多数企业一般都采用监督和协调工作。尽管大多数企业一般都采用一定形式的层级结构，但是在正式权威方面却一定形式的层级

2、结构，但是在正式权威方面却有很大的差异。有很大的差异。三种完成任务的行为方式存在哪些差异？主主要要表表现现在在：成成员员之之间间相相互互联联系系的的程程度度和和协协调调成成本的大小。本的大小。当当任任务务不不需需要要协协调调时时，采采用用个个体体方方式式是是比比较较适适合合的的，例如设计工作；例如设计工作；当当协协调调变变得得非非常常必必要要的的时时候候，团团队队方方式式就就更更合合适适一一些些。这这样样，每每一一个个成成员员的的产产出出可可以以直直接接受受益益于于成成员员之之间间的的频频繁繁接接触触、技技能能互互补补和和团团队队本本身身所所产产生生的的利利益益（例例如如成员之间的信息共享和共

3、同价值观）。成员之间的信息共享和共同价值观）。当按照团队方式很难对个体的产出进行监督和控制，当按照团队方式很难对个体的产出进行监督和控制，当团队的规模达到到某种程度、协调的成本开始大大当团队的规模达到到某种程度、协调的成本开始大大增加的时候，层级组织方式可能更为合适。增加的时候，层级组织方式可能更为合适。个体行为个体行为Individual Behavior1、态度态度Attitudes2、个性、个性Personality 3、认知、认知Perception 4、学习、学习learningLearning ObjectivesYou should learn to:Define the foc

4、us and goals of organizational behaviorDescribe the three components of an attitudeIdentify the role that consistency plays in attitudesExplain the relationship between satisfaction and productivityTell how managers can use the Myers-Briggs personality type framework and the big-five model of person

5、alityLearning Objectives（cont.）You should learn to:Define emotional intelligenceDescribe attribution theory and its use in explaining individual behaviorIdentify the types of shortcuts managers use in judging othersExplain how managers can shape employee behaviorWhy Look At Individual Behavior?Organ

6、izational Behavior（OB）concerned specifically with the actions of people at workaddresses issues that are not obviousThe Organization as an IcebergWhy Look At Individual Behavior（cont.）Focus of OBindividual behavior-attitudes,personality,perception,learning,and motivationgroup behavior-norms,roles,te

7、am building,leadership,and conflictGoals of OBexplain,predict,and influence behaviormanagers success depends on getting things done through other peopleAttitudesAttitude Definition evaluative statements concerning objects,people,or eventsthree componentscognitive-beliefs,opinions,knowledge,or inform

8、ation held by a personaffective-emotion or feelingterm attitude usually refers to this componentbehavioral-intention to behave in a certain way toward someone or somethingAttitudes（cont.）Job-Related Attitudes job satisfaction-employees general attitude toward her/his jobjob involvement-degree to whi

9、ch an employee identifies with her/his jobdegree of active participation in the jobfeeling that job performance is important to self-worthorganizational commitment-employees loyalty to,identification with,and involvement in the organizationorganizational citizen behavior（OCB）-discretionary behavior

10、that is not part of the formal job requirementspromotes effective functioning of the organizationAttitudes（cont.）Attitudes and Consistencypeople seek consistency:among their attitudesbetween their attitudes and behaviorinconsistency gives rise to steps to achieve consistencyalter attitudes or behavi

11、ordevelop rationalization for the inconsistencypresent employee with questions that elicit how they feel about their jobs,work groups,supervisors,or the organizationattitude score is the sum of responses to individual itemsAttitude SurveysSample Attitude SurveyImplications for managersSatisfaction-P

12、roductivity Controversytraditional belief was that happy workers were productive workersresearch evidence suggests that if satisfaction has a positive influence on productivity,it is smallcontingency factors have clarified the relationship between satisfaction and productivityeffect of environmental

13、 factors that constrain employee behaviorresearch designs do not permit conclusions about cause and effect态度的概念态度的概念态度由三个部分组成态度由三个部分组成:（1）态度的认知成分由一个人所持有的信念、观态度的认知成分由一个人所持有的信念、观点、知识或信息组成。点、知识或信息组成。（2）态度的情感成分是态度中的情绪或感受部分。态度的情感成分是态度中的情绪或感受部分。（3）态度的行为成分是指以某种方式对某人或某态度的行为成分是指以某种方式对某人或某事做出反应的行为。事做出反应的行为。与工

14、作相关的态度与工作相关的态度（1）工作满意度（工作满意度（Job satisfaction）是人对其）是人对其工作的一般态度。工作的一般态度。（2）工作投入（工作投入（Job involvement）是员工认可）是员工认可自己的工作，主动参与工作，认为工作绩效自己的工作，主动参与工作，认为工作绩效对自己的个人价值很重要的程度。对自己的个人价值很重要的程度。（3）组织承诺（组织承诺（Organizational Commitment）是员工对组织的忠诚性、认）是员工对组织的忠诚性、认可程度及参与程度。可程度及参与程度。对管理者的意义对管理者的意义有明显的证据表明，对于那些承诺和满有明显的证据表明

15、，对于那些承诺和满意的员工来说，他们的离职率和缺勤率意的员工来说，他们的离职率和缺勤率很低。很低。同时，那种为了提高生产率而以员工快同时，那种为了提高生产率而以员工快乐为目标的做法可能会误入歧途。乐为目标的做法可能会误入歧途。PersonalityPersonality is defined as a combination of psychological traits that classifies a person.（个性是个体的心理特质的综合个性是个体的心理特质的综合）A.Predicting behavior from personality traits（根根据个性特质预测行为据个性特质预测行为）PersonalityPredicting Behavior from Personality TraitsLocus of Controlinternals-believe that they control their own destinyexternals-believe their lives are controlled by outside forcesless satisfied and involved with their jobsmore alienated from the wor