版二轮复习高考英语练酷版练习专题一 习题讲评 课五Word格式.docx

1、At present, the world has about 6,800 languages.The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven.The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers.Europe has only around 200 languages; the

2、 Americas about 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800.The median number （中位数） of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.Already well over 400 of the to

3、tal of 6,800 languages are close to extinction （消亡）, with only a few elderly speakers left.Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon （eight remaining speakers）, Chiapaneco in Mexico （150）, Lipan Apache in the United States （two or three） or Wadjigu in Australia （one, with a questionmark）: none of these see

4、ms to have much chance of survival. 31.What is the main idea of the text?ANew languages will be created.BPeoples lifestyles are reflected in languages.CHuman development results in fewer languages.DGeography determines language evolution.解析选C第一段说明语言已有几千年的历史，但有一些语言正在消失；第二段说明随着人类社会的发展，语言变得更少；第三段说明语言的分

5、布是不均匀的；第四段介绍了超过400种语言正面临消亡的威胁。整篇文章主要说明的是由于人类社会的发展导致了语言变得越来越少。故选C。干扰项分析A项颠倒是非，文章介绍的是语言的减少而不是新语言的创造。B、D两项无中生有，文中没有提到人们的生活方式会反映到语言上，也没有提到地理决定语言的发展。增分技巧1快速确定文章大意（1）归纳要点抓大意。适用于没有明显的主题句的文章或段落。（2）从段落中抓大意。适用于主题句位于文章或段落中间类型的文章。（3）读首句抓大意。适用于主题句出现在开头的文章，如说明文、议论文、科技文献和新闻报道。（4）读尾句抓大意。适用于主题句出现在段尾/篇尾的文章，是最常见的归纳法写作

6、方式。2找主题句的5个小窍门（1）段落中出现表示转折的词语（如however, but, in fact, on the contrary, in contrast等）时，其后的句子很可能是主题句。（2）首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是主题句。（3）作者有意识地反复强调的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词（主旨句常包含关键词）。（4）首段出现具体例子或假设时，例子或假设后面的内容可能是主题句。（5）表示总结或结论词语常有therefore, thus, in short, conclude, conclusion等。3解题原则文章大意题难度较大，属于区分度很

7、高的选拔性题目。注意无论此类题目出现在什么位置都要作为最后一道题来做，因为只有通读全文后才能更好地把握文章主题，并且文章中其他题目的解答也会有助于对整篇文章主旨的理解。训练目标（一） 对点练攻克失分短板A（2018全国卷阅读B节选）Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are, like a nearby port or river.People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communicat

8、ions and trade.New York City, for example, is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River.Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million.But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time.Boom towns grow from nothing almost overnight.In 1896, Dawson, Ca

9、nada, was unmapped wilderness （荒野）But gold was discovered there in 1897, and two years later, it was one of the largest cities in the West, with a population of 30,000.Dawson did not have any of the natural conveniences of cities like London or Paris.People went there for gold.They travelled over sn

10、owcovered mountains and sailed hundreds of miles up icy rivers.The path to Dawson was covered with thirty feet of wet snow that could fall without warning.An avalanche （雪崩） once closed the path, killing 63 people.For many who made it to Dawson, however, the rewards were worth the difficult trip.Of t

11、he first 20,000 people who dug for gold, 4,000 got rich.About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives.But no matter how rich they were, Dawson was never comfortable.Necessities like food and wood were very expensive.But soon, the gold that Dawson depended on had all been found.The c

12、ity was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down, and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come.Today, people still come and go to see where the Canadian gold rush happened.Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson City its present population is 762.27What is the text mainly about?AThe rise and fall of a city.BThe gold rush in Canada.CJourneys into the wilderness.DTourism in Dawson.解析：选A第一段简要介绍了决定城市发展的因素，引出道森这一城市的兴起；第二段介绍了该城市兴起的原因；第三段介绍该城市的衰落及现在的状况，所以全文是围绕道森这个城市的发展兴衰展开的。故A项正确。B（2017全国卷阅