高考英语 重难点语法讲解虚拟语气最新整理Word下载.docx

1、（1）陈述语气： 表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句.如:We are not ready. 我们没准备好。What a fine day it is！多好的天气啊！（2）祈使语气: 表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。如: Open the door, please。请打开门。（3）虚拟语气： 表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如： If I were you, I should study English. 如果我是你，我就学英语了。May you succeed！ 祝您成功！二、虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法 条件

2、句有两类，一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件何。在这种真实条件句中的谓语用陈述语气。 If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 如果明天不下雨，我们就去公园。如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的,或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。 If he had seen you yesterday， he would have asked you about it. 如果他昨天见到你,他会问你这件事的。（事实上他昨天没见到你，因此也未能问你这件事。）从句主句例句与现在事实相反的假设If + 主语

3、+助动词的过去式（were， did， had）主语+ should/would/could/might+动词原形If I had time， I would attend the meeting.If I were you， I should seize the opportunity to go abroad.与过去事实相反的假设If +主语+had+过去分词主语+should/would/could/might +have+过去分词If you had taken my advice， you would not have failed in the exam.与将来事实相反的假设If+

4、主语+were to+动词原形If+主语+should+动词原形（注意不能是would）If it were to rain tomorrow， we would put off the sports meeting。If he should not come tomorrow, we should put off the meeting till next Monday.错综时间条件句:当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为错综时间条件句,动词的形式要根据它表示的时间作出相应的调整.如：If you had followed my advice just now

5、， you would be better now。If you had studied hard before， you would be a college student now。if省略句在条件句中可以省略if, 把were, had， should提到句首,变成倒装句式。If I were at school again, I would study harder。Were I at school again, I would study harder。如果我还有上学的机会，我会更加努力学习。If you had come earlier， you would catch the b

6、us。Had you come earlier, you would catch the bus.如果你来得早点，你就能赶上公共汽车。If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing。如果明天下雨的话，我们就不能登山去了。用介词代替条件状语从句常用的介词有with, without, but for。What would you do with a million dollars? （=if you had a million dollar

7、s）如果你有100万元,你会做什么?We couldnt have finished the work ahead of time without your help。 （=if we hadnt got your help）没有你的帮助，我们不可能提前完成这项工作.Without your help， we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time.= But for your help， = If it had not been for your help, = Had it not been for you help， 没有你的帮助，我们不

8、可能提前完成这项工作。含蓄条件句有时在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句,而是通过其他手段来代替条件句。I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting. （副词）He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it. （连词）A man who stopped drinking water would be dead in about seven days. （定语从句）I

9、 might have given you more help， but I was too busy. （连词）Everything taken into consideration， they would have raised their output quickly。 （独立主格结构）习题1。 If my lawyerhere last Saturday, heme from going.A.had been, would have preventedB.had been， would preventC.were, would preventD.were, would have pre

10、vented2. If itfor the snow, wethe mountain yesterday.A.were not， could have climbedB.were not， could climbC.had not been， could have climbedD.had not been, could climb3. Without electricity（电） human lifequite difficult today.A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be4. I didnt see your sister a

11、t the meeting， if she， she would have met my brother。A。 has come B. did come C。 came D. had come5. When the pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it。 breaks B。 has broken C. were broken D. had been broken6. He hesitated（犹豫） for a moment before kicking（踢） the ball。 Otherwise hea goal。

12、had scored B. scored C。 would score D。 would have scored7. right now, she would get there on Sunday。A.Would she leaveB.If she leavesC.Were she to leaveD.If she had left8. Had he worked harder， hethe exam.A.must have got throughB.would have got throughC.would get throughD.could get through9. He must

13、have had an accident， or hethen.A.would have been hereB.had to be hereC.should be hereD.would be here10. for my illness I would have lent him a helping hand。A.Not beingB.Had it not beenC.Without beingD.Not having been11。 We didnt know his telephone number， otherwise wehim。A.would have calledB.must h

14、ave telephonedC.would telephoneD.had telephoned虚拟语气（2）虚拟语气在名词从句中在由suggest, demand, require， request, insist, order， command, propose等表示建议、请求、命令、愿望等动词或其同根词引出的名词从句中,名词从句虚拟句的谓语变化的形式只有一条规律名词从句虚拟句无论其主句的谓语动词时何种形式，从句的谓语形式均为should+动词原形,其中should可以省去。（特别提醒：不是用would，而是用should。常见的这类动词有： ask要求, advise， beg， suggest建议, command命令, demand要求，request请求, insist, require要求, order下令, propose, advice， recommend, intend， prefer宁愿， permit， p