全国硕士研究生考试英语试题及答案文档格式.docx

1、In 1924 American National Research Council sent to engineer to supervise a series of experiments at a telephone-parts factory called the Hawhtore Plant nearChicago It hoped they would learn how stop-floor Egnting _1_ workors productivity Instead，the studies ended_2_ giving their name to the“Hawhthom

2、eeffect”the extremely inflentlcel ldea the veey_3_to bemg expenmented upon changed subjectsbehaviorThe idea arose because of the_4_behavior of the women in the plato.Accordmg to _5_of the cxpetmems.their.houriy output rose when hghtmg WaSincreased.but also when it was dimmed. It did not _6_what was

3、done in the expenment. _7_sometmg was changed.produchnty rose A（n） _8_ that theywere bemg experimented upon seemed to be _9_t0 alterworkers bchamor _10_ uselfAfter several decades，the salile data were _11_to econometric the analysis Hawthorne experiments has another surprise store j2一the descnpuons

4、on record，nosystematic _13_was foundthat lcvcls of produchxnty wererelated to changes in lightingIt turns out that peculiar way of conducting the cenments may be have let to _14_interpretation of what happed._15_，tighring was always changed ona Sunday When work started again on Monday, output _16_ r

5、ose compared with the previous Saturday and _17_ to rise for the next couple of days _18_ , ，a comparison with data for weeks whenthere was no expenmentation showed that output always went up On Monday, workers _19_to be duigent for the first fewdays of the week in any case，before _21_a plateau and

6、then slackening off This suggests that the alleged” Hawthorne effect“is hard to ptn down1.A affected Bachieved Cexlracted Drestored2Aat Bup Cwith DOff3AWuth Bsight Cact Dproof4.AconVoversial Bperplexing cmischieous Dambiguous5.Areqtttrents Bcxplanalions Caccounts Dassements6Aconclude Bmatter Cindica

7、te Dwork7Aas faras Bfor fearthat Cin casethat Dso long as8.Aawarerress Bexpectation Csentiment Dillusion9.Asuitale Bexcessive Cenough Dabundant10.Aabout Bfor Con Dby11Acompared Bshown Csubjected Dconveyed12.Acontrary to Bconsistent with Cparallel with Dpealliar to13.Aevidence Bguidance Cimplication

8、Dsource14.Adisputable Benlightening Cretiable Dwasleadmg15.AIn contast BFor example CIn consequence DAs usual16.Aduly Baccidentally Cunpredictably Dsuddenly17.Afailed Bceased Cstarted Dcontinued20.Abreaking Bchrnbing Csurpassmg DhitingSection Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following

9、four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosingA，B，CorD.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.（40 points）Text 2Over the past decade,thousands of patents have seen granled for what are called business methods.Amazon com received one for its“one-click”online paymentsystern Merrill Lynch got

10、legal protection for an asset allocation strategy.One invenlor patented a tochnique for lying a boxNow the nations top patent court appears completely ready to scale hack on business-method patents, which have been controversial e,ver since they were firstauthorized 10 years ago In a movethat has in

11、tellectual-property lawyers abuzz the U.S court of Appeals for the federal ctrcuit sald it would usea particular case tOconduct a broad review of business-method patents. Inre Bijskl, as the case is known, is“a very big deal”， says DermisD Crouch of the University of MissounSchool of law.It “has the

12、 potential to elinate an entire class of patmts”Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face because it was the federal circuit itself that introduced such patents with is 1998 decision in the so-called state Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund asse

13、ts. That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging internet companies trying to stake out exclusive pinhts to specific types of online transactions. Later, move established companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a defensive move aga

14、inst rivals that might bent them to the punch. In 2005, IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents despite tha fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them. Similarly, some Wall Street investment films armed themselves with patents for financial products, even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice。The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market. The Federal circuit issued an unusual order st