高一必修2被动语态详解Word文档下载推荐.doc

1、一般将来时shall / will + beHe wont be allowed, by his father, to marry Larra. 过去将来时would / should + beThey would be sent to the army when theyFinished the training.现在进行时am / is / are + beingThe project is being carried out.过去进行时was / were + beingThe case was being investigated then.现在完成时have / has + been

2、This novel has been translated into several languages.过去完成时had+ beenThey said that production costs had been reduced.【说明】：以上的八个时态可用于被动式，其它没有列举的时态都不宜用于被动语态的句子中。3. 一般能用主动语态时优先使用主动语态。只在下列情况中才用被动语态：（1）不知道或没必要指出行为、动作的执行者（无须加by短语）Football is played around the world.（2）突出和强调行为或动作的承受着。（这时可用by引导出动作的执行者） Hist

3、ory is made by the people. The wounded soldiers have been saved by those people.二、 语态转换的几种类型：类型变化举例主动语态被动语态有一个宾语将宾语变成主语I broke the bottle.The bottle was broken by me.有宾从句从句的主语作被动语态的主语时，可直接把从主变被主，也it作形式主语We know that he was dying.He was known to be dying.It was known that he was dying.整个从句作被动语态主语时，变为

4、被动语态,要用形式主语it.He has knows that many friends will come to see him.It has been known to himthat my friends will come to see him.有双宾语将其中一个宾语变主语He gave me a book.I was given a book by him.A book was given to me by him.有复合宾语S+O+O.C只能将宾语变为主语We made him our monitor.I heard him singing.I heard the song sun

5、g.He was made our monitor.He was heard singing.The song was heard sung.有情 动词情动词+ be + 过去分词We must clean the room.The room must be cleaned.短语动词作谓语保留动词原来所带的介词/副词Ill look after the boy.The boy will be looked after.（by me）三、 使用被动语态时需要注意的情况： 1. be+过去分词可以是被动语态形式,也可以是系表结构形式。【区别】： 被动语态强调动作，可以带by短语；系表结构表主语的特

6、点或状态，不带by短语。 The job was well done.（系表结构） The job was well done by a skilled worker.（被动语态） The composition is well written.（系表结构） The composition is written with great care;.（被动语态）【注意】表示状态特征的连系动词 look, sound, feel, taste, appear, seem, go, prove, turn, stay, become, fall, get, grow, keep 加形容词/名词构成系表

7、结构。2. 不能用被动语态的几种情况： There be句型和所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。 表示状态的谓语动词，如：last, hold, benefit, contain, equal, fit, join, mean, last, look like, consist of 等。 表示归属的动词，如have、own、belong to等。 表示“希望、意图”的动词，如：wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。 宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。The man introduced himself as Mr. Wa

8、ng. 宾语是同源宾语，不定式、动名词等谓语动词不用被动语态。 谓语动词是以下时，无被动 ：happen,belongto,suit,fit（适合）,have,let,join,fall,last（延长）,cost（花费） breakout（爆发）appear,burstout（迸发），hold（容纳），lack（缺乏），agreewith（同意）1 有些动词或情态动词常用所接的不定式来表示被动意义。【如】:happen, pretend, seem, used to, ought to, appear等。The house used to be painted white. The job

9、has to be done before dark. On the way we happened to be caught in the rain.三、 被动语态相关重要考点：1.主动形式表被动意义 表主语的某种属性特征的动词，如cut、read、act, clean, sell、wear、write、wash、open, cook, shut,dry, eat,drink等词带状语修饰语时；当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意义时，如begin, finish, start, open, close, stop, end, shut, lock, run, move。This

10、kind of cloth washes easily.这种布易洗。These novels wont sell well.这些小说不畅销。My pen writes smoothly.我的钢笔写起来很流畅。The door wont lock.门锁不上。The fish smells good.鱼闻起来香。 当break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out等动词表示“发生、关闭、制定”等意思时。The plan worked out successfully.The lamps on the wall turn off. want, requi

11、re, need后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。 be worth doing用主动形式表示被动含义。 在“be + 形容词 + to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。This kind of water isnt fit to drink.The girl isnt easy to get along with.另外：be to blame（受谴责），be to rent（出租）也用主动形式表被动。2.被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况。be seated坐着：He is seated on a bench.（He seats himself on a bench.）坐在凳

12、子上。be hidden躲藏 ：He was hidden behind the door.（He hid himself behind the door.）他藏门后。be lost迷路 be drunk喝醉 be dressed穿着：The girl was dressed in a read short skirt.1. 经典例题讲解：1. Visitors _not to touch the exhibits.（NMET 2001）A.will request B.are requested C.are requesting D.request2. All the preparation

13、s for the task _, and were ready to start.（2000年春季高考）A.completed B.complete C.had been completed D.have been completed3When everyone was _ , the meeting began.A. sitting B. sat C.seated D.seating被动语态专项练习一、选择题（215=30分）（ ）1._ a new library _ in our school last year?A. Is; built B. Was; built C. Does;

14、build D. Did ; build （ ）2. An accident _ on this road last week. A. has been happened B. was happened C. is happened D. happened （ ）3.Cotton（棉花） _ in the southeast of China. A. is grown B. are grown C. grows D. grow （ ）4.So far, the moon _ by man already. A. is visited B. will be visited C. has been visited D.