最好最全非谓语动词导学案提高部分答案Word格式文档下载.doc

1、Zxxk.Com学科网动名词不定式（to do）过去分词（done）注：常见作独立成分的非谓语动词to tell you the truth（实话说），needless to say（不用说），to be honest/frank（老实说，坦白说），to be more exact（更确切地说），to make things worse （更糟的是），not to mention（更不用说），Generally / Frankly / Roughly speaking （一般说来 / 坦白说 / 粗略地说）2.非谓语动词的变化形式非谓语形式构成时态语态复合结构否定式主动被动不定式一般式to d

2、oto be donefor sb. to do sth. 或of sb. to do sth.在“to”前加not或never进行式to have doneto have been done完成式to be doing/完成to have been doingdoingbeing donesb.或sbs doing作主语要用sbs doing在前加not特别注意复合结构的否定式： sbs not doingsbs not having donehaving donehaving been done现在分词与动名词变化形式相同（一）辨别谓语与非谓语特别注意分析句子的结构才能辨别谓语与非谓语。T

3、he traffic rule says young children under the age of four and _ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat. A. being weighed B. weighs C. weighed D. weighing【解析】容易误选B或C，将其当成谓语看待。under the age of four and _ less than 40 pounds用作children的定语。动词weigh与名词children是主动关系，所以选择weighing。_ blood if you c

4、an and many lives will be saved. A. Giving B. Give C. Given D. To give【解析】如果不注意分析句子结构，会误选A或C项。这是祈使句+and+陈述句的句型。答案B。（二）非谓语作主语、宾语的重点1.it充当动词不定式的形式主语或形式宾语It is important for us to learn English very well.对我们来说学好英语是非常重要的。 I think it important for us to learn English very well.我认为对我们来说学好英语是非常重要的。it作形式主语使

5、用动名词的句型It is no use/no good/useless+doing sth.It is no use crying.哭没有用。It is fun（a great pleasure, a waste of time）It is a waste of time trying to explain.设法解释是浪费时间。2.用不定式还是用动名词作宾语有特殊规定I dont want _ like Im speaking ill of anybody, but the managers plan is unfair. A. to sound B. to be soundedC. soun

6、ding D. to have sounded【解析】want后要跟动词不定式作宾语，sound是连系动词不用被动式，与谓语动词没有时间的先后，故不可用它的完成式。答案A。类似的知识点要记牢。如：help, hope, ask, refuse, decide, promise, wish, pretend, expect, arrange, learn, plan, demand, dare, manage, agree, prepare, fail, determine, offer, choose, desire, elect, long等动词后要用动词不定式作宾语。It is diffi

7、cult to imagine his _the decision without any consideration. A. accept B. accepting C. to accept D. accepted 【解析】imagine要求用动名词作宾语。下列常见的这些动词（组）后要用动词动名词作宾语suggest, risk, devote oneself to（建议冒险去献身）finish, imagine, bear/stand, look forward to（完成想象忍盼望）give up, delay/put off, regret, miss（放弃延期悔失去）insist o

8、n/stick to, enjoy/appreciate, feel like, practice（坚持欣赏要实践）pay attention to, excuse, escape/avoid, object to（注意原谅逃/避反对）keep, be/get used to/be accustomed to, mind（保持习惯勿介意）be worth, set about/burst out/get down to, be busy（值得开始将忙乎）3.用不定式还是用动名词作宾语意义不同In some parts of London, missing a bus means _for an

9、other hour.A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting 【解析】此题意为“在英国的一些地方，如果错过了公交车就意味着再等一个小时。”mean doing sth 意为“意味着什么”，mean to do sth 意为“试图、打算做什么”。动词本身意义不变，跟不定式和动名词意义不同remember to do sth. 记住要做remember doing sth.记得过去做过forget to do sth. 忘了已做过的事forget doing sth. 忘记要做某事动词本身意义改变，跟不定式和动名词意义不同regret to d

10、o sth.对马上要或不做的事表示遗憾regret doing sth.对已发生的事表示遗憾或后悔mean to do sth.打算，想要mean doing 意味着，意思是try to do sth. 努力做某事try doing sth. 尝试做某事cant help doing sth.情不自禁，忍不住cant help （to） do sth.不能帮忙做某事be considered to have done被认为已经做了considerto be认为是consider doing考虑做某事动词本身意义不变，跟不定式被动式和动名词意义相同want，need，require接动名词表示被

11、动意义，接不定式就要用被动式，这时主语与动名词之间为动宾关系These young trees require looking after（=to be looked after）.The matter needs thinking over（=to be thought over）.下列动词跟动词不定式做目的状语，跟动名词作宾语stop to do停下来，要做另一件事（不定式作目的状语）stop doing停止做（动名词作宾语）go on to do接着做另一件事（不定式作目的状语）go on doing继续做同一件事（动名词作宾语）4.有些动词后要用“疑问词不定式”结构作复合宾语It is

12、 said that in Australia there is more land than the government knows _. A. it what to do with B. what to do it with C. what to do with it D. to do what with it 【解析】本题考查“疑问词不定式”和动词短语 do with 的用法。答案C。（三）非谓语作表语的重点不定式、动名词与分词作表语的区别。不定式和动名词作表语相当于一个名词作表语，含义是回答主语“是什么”；分词作表语相当于形容词作表语，含义是回答主语“怎么样”。 Our plan i

13、s to keep the affair secret.我们的计划是让这件事成为秘密。Their job is making wheelchairs for disabled people.他们的工作是为残疾人制造轮椅。The music they are playing sounds exciting.他们演奏的音乐听起来令人激动。This beautiful village remains unknown to the rest of the world.这个美丽的村庄仍未外界所知。现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别。现在分词和过去分词作表语都是用于回答主语“怎么样”的。现在分词说明主语的特征

14、，过去分词说明主语的状态。This dog is frightening.这条狗让人害怕。（说明狗的特征）This dog is frightened.这条狗有些害怕。（说明狗的心理状态）Climbing is tiring and we are completely tired after a days climbing.爬山是累人的，爬了一天的山我们都全累坏了。（tiring说明climbing的特征，tired说明我们的状态）注意：在下列句中，非谓语动词具体的语法功能What he wanted to suggest is to cut down the price and increase the sales.他想建