中考14人教版初中英语考点十四定语从句口语Word文件下载.docx

1、知识概况：定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，相当于形容词，在句中作定语。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose等，绝对没有what；关系副词有where, when, why, how等。知识站点： 初中英语知识考点一览表 12345678910111213141516句子结构时态语态名词冠词代词形副介词数词连词非谓语动词情态动词宾语从句定语从句简单句情景交际知识精讲：关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句 2、代替先行词 3、在定语从句中担当一个成

2、分一、关系代词引导的定语从句1、由who, whom, that, whose引导的从句这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，who作主语指人，whom作宾语指人，that既可作主语又可作宾语（作宾语可以省略），可以指人也可以指物。whose 用来指人或物，只用作定语。（1）Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他是那个想见你的男人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）（2）He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）（3）The man whom yo

3、u talked to just now is our English teacher.你刚刚说话的那个男人是我们的英语老师。（4）The man whose son is a doctor is our professor. 其儿子是医生的男人是我们的教授。2、由which， that引导的从句它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，作宾语时可以省略，例如：（1）Football is a game which/that is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男生都喜欢的运动。（which / that在从句中作主语）（2）This is the

4、pen （which/that） he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的那支钢笔。（which / that在从句中作宾语）3、注意：代表物时多用which，但在下列情况中用that而不用which：（1） 先行词是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词时。例如： All that he said is true. 他说的所有都是真的。（2） 先行词被only, no, any, all,等词修饰时。He is the only foreigner that has been to that place.他是

5、唯一一个去过那个地方的的外国人。（3） 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。He was the second person that told me the secret. 他是第二个告诉我这个秘密的人。（4） 先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。This is the best book （that） I have read this year. 这是我今年读过的最好的一本书。（5） 先行词既包括人又包括物时。He talked about the people and the things he remembered. 他谈起他所记得的人和事。只用which不用that的情况：（

6、1）非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。The boy, who is good at English, comes from Xinjiang.那个男孩来自新疆，他英语很棒。That necklace, which you gave me as a present, was lost yesterday.那条项链昨天不见了，它是你送给我做礼物的。非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立 Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retir

7、ed last year. 查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。（非限制性）There is somebody who wants to speak to you.有人要和你说话。（限制性）（2） which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与and this 相似，并可以指人。 He did very well in the competition, which made his parents very happy. 他在比赛中表现得非常出色，这使他的父母很开心

8、。二、关系副词引导的定语从句1、when指时间在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用 I still remember the day when I first came to the school. 我仍然记得我初次来到学校的那天。2、where指地点在定语从句中做地点状语 Shanghai is the city where I was born. 上海是我出生的城市。3、why指原因在定语从句中做原因状语 ，用在reason 后面。Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. 请告诉我你错过那班飞机的原因。三、介词关系代词是一个普遍

9、使用的结构。1、可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。结构中的介词可以是 in, on, about, from, for, with, to at, of, without 等，关系代词只可用whom或 which,不可用 that ,介词+关系代词的作用相当于关系副词。 Is that the house in which you live ?那是你住的房子吗？= Is that the house where you live?I will never forget the day on which I went to college.= I will never forg

10、et the day when I went to college.我永远都不会忘记我去大学的那天。Is this the reason for which he refuse me?这就是他拒绝我的原因吗？ = Is this the reason why he refuse me?2、关系代词 whom， which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom 与 which 与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面，如： That was the room in which we had lived for ten year

11、s. 那是我们住了十年的房间。= That was the room which we had lived in for ten years. The girl to whom he spoke was Mary. 和他说话的那个女孩是玛丽。= The girl whom he spoke to was Mary.像listen to, look at, take care of等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。This is the boy whom she has taken care of. 这就是她照顾过的男孩。3、先行词指物时，whose = the + 名词 +

12、 of which Please pass me the book whose cover is red. 请把红色封面的那本书递给我。= Please pass me the book, the cover of which is red. I want a room whose window faces the south. 我想要一个窗户朝南的房间。 = I want a room, the window of which faces the south.随堂训练：一、用关系代词填空：that 、which 、who、 whom 、whose 1.This is the man _ wants to see you.2.The student _ answered the question is Zhang Hua.3.