中考英语语法专项复习：主谓一致.doc

1、中考英语语法专项复习：主谓一致主谓一致的原则有三个：语法一致、意义一致和就近原则。一 语法一致语法一致即单数主语要用单数谓语动词，复数主语要用复数谓语动词。如：My bike is under the tree.我的自行车在树下。These books are old .这些书是旧的。1. and和bothand连接两个或三个名词、代词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。Mike and John are good friends .迈克和约翰是好朋友。Both bread and milk are good for you .面包和牛奶对你都有好处。2. 主语后接with , as well as

2、 , including , besides , except , but等词或短语时，谓语动词的数由主语的单复数形式决定。He with his parents is working in the fields .他正和他的父母在地里干活。She as well as other students likes playing computer games.她和其他学生一样，也喜欢玩电脑游戏。3. 当主语前有every . each . either. neither修饰或each . either. Neither作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。如：Every minute is importa

3、nt to us . 每分钟对我们都很重要。Each student has a book .每一个学生都有一本书。Each of the girls has a big apple in their hands .每一个女孩的手里都有一个苹果。Either answer is correct .两个答案都是正确的。4. 不定代词either , neither , each one , the other , another , anybody , anything , someone , nobody , nothing 等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：Somebody is waitin

4、g for you outside .有人在外面等你。Is everybody here today ?今天大家都到齐了吗？5. “a number of + 名词复数” （许多、一些）= many 作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。“the number of + 名词复数”（的数量）作主语时， 谓语动词用单数形式。 如： A number of trees are cut down .许多树被砍伐。The number of students in our class is 45 .我们班的学生数目是45。6. a lot of (lots of) / plenty of +名词作主语时，谓语

5、动词由of后的名词的单复数决定。如果of后是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数；如果of后是名词复数，谓语动词用复数。如：Most of time is used for playing computer games .大部分时间用来玩电脑游戏。Plenty of workers are working .许多工人正在工作。7. 不定式或v.-ing形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Learning English is necessary for us .学英语对于我们来说是有必要的。To play with fire near a gas station is very dangerous .

6、在加油站附近玩火很危险。二 意义一致意义一致就是根据句子主语意义上的单复数来确定谓语动词的单复数。1. and连接的两个名词作主语，在意义上指同一人、同一物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数。如：The famous singer and dancer is coming to Chongqing .那位著名的歌唱家兼舞蹈家要来重庆。2. 表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的名词复数作主语时，通常被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。如：Ten years has passed quickly .10年很快就过去了。Ten dollars is enough .10美元就够了。100 kilometers is

7、 a long way .100公里是一段很长的路。3. 集体名词（如family / class等）如果表示集体概念，则谓语动词必须用单数形式，如果表示集体中的成员，则谓语动词必须用复数形式。如：My family is a small one with three people .我家是一个有着三口人的小家庭。My family all like classical music .我的家人都喜欢古典音乐。4. 加、减、乘、除运算中的谓语动词用单数。如：Two and two is four .2加2 等于4. Six times two is twelve .6乘2等于12.5. “one

8、 and a half +名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：One and a half pears is left on the plate .一个半梨被留在盘子里。6. “the +形容词”作主语时，表示某类人，谓语动词用复数。如：The sick are taken good care of .病人得到了很好的照顾。三 就近原则有时谓语动词的形式与主语并不一致，而是与它最近的主语保持一致。1. 由either or , neither nor , not only but also , not but或or连接两个并列主语时，其谓语动词在数上与最邻近它的主语保持一致。如：Not o

9、nly Lily but also Jack has gone to beijing .不仅莉莉去了北京，杰克也去了北京。Not you ,but I am wrong .不是你，而是我错了。Either my father or my brother is coming .我父亲来，要不然就是我弟弟来。2. There be或Here be后面接并列的名词时，谓语动词在数上应与最邻近的名词保持一致。如：There is a pen and two pencils on the desk .课桌上有一支钢笔和两支铅笔。Here are some flowers and a card for y

10、ou .这是给你的一些花和一张卡片。练习：一、 用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. _ (be) everything OK?2. Nobody _ (know) the answer to the question.3. Not only she but also I _ (do) morning exercises every day.4. Either you or she _ (have) made a wrong decision.5. The family _(be) spending the weekend together .6. Bread and butter _ (be) h

11、er daily breakfast.7. All of the work _ (be) finished.8. The old _ (be) well looked after here.9. - How much _ (be) the shoes? - Five dollars _ (be) enough.10. Neither Jim nor his parents _ (live) in China.11. Talking loudly in public _ (be) impolite.12. Three hours _ (be) quite a long time for the

12、students to play computer games every day.13. Everything _ (begin) to grow fast in spring.14. Tom with his friends often _ (go) skating on weekends.二、 单项选择1. There _ a pencil and some books on the desk. A. has B. are C. is2. Nobody except you _ late for the meeting yesterday afternoon. A. is B. were

13、 C. was 3. As we all know, the Japanese _ Japanese. A. speak B. spoke C. speaks4. Kate as well as most girls _ wearing beautiful clothes, but her family _ very poor. A. like; is B. likes; is C. likes; are5. My shoes _ worn out .Can you buy me a new pair? - Oh, look ! There _ a pair of new shoes that

14、 I bought for you. A. is; are B. are; is C. is; is 6. Doing eye exercises _ good for our eyes. A. is B. are C. be7. Are there any _ on the farm? A. sheep B. duck C. horse8. There _ a lot of good news in todays newspaper. A. was B. are C. is 9. Both John and Mary _ interesting in skating. A. is B. ar

15、e C. were10. Each of the students _ a computer in our class. A. have B. has C. there is11. All of my money _ stolen last night. A. has B. is C. was12. The police _ for the lost child on the hill now. A. looks B. is looking C. are looking13.Three kilometers _ a long way. Youd better take a taxi. A. is B. are C. was