简单句和并列句种英语句子结构简化版讲解打印版Word文件下载.docx

1、The children are swimming.孩子们在游泳。The man cooks. 男人做饭。They talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。The sun is shining brightly. 太阳在明亮地照耀着。They were singing when we arrived. 我们到的时候他们正在唱歌。总结这些句子有一个共同的特点：谓语动词都能表达完整的意思，不需加宾语。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。【2】主语+谓语+宾语（S+Vt.+O）后面跟宾语意思才完整的动词是及物动词。名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式都

2、可以做宾语。Who knows the answer?谁知道答案?I like music.我喜欢音乐。The workers made machines. 工人生产机器The students are cleaning the classroom. 学生们在打扫教室。He enjoys reading. 他喜欢看书。They ate what was left over. 他们吃了剩饭。He said “Good morning.” 他说：“早上好！”I want to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。总结这些句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能

3、表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。【3】主语+系动词+表语（S+Link-Verb+P）中学阶段常见的系动词有：get, be, turn, look, smell, taste, sound, become等。表语是英语中的一种特殊成分，常跟在连系动词后面。表语一般由名词或形容词等充当。This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。The cake smells good. 蛋糕味道很好。Everything looks different. 一切看来都不同了。He became angry

4、. 他生气了My mother is a teacher.我妈妈是老师The cake smells good. 蛋糕闻起来味道很好。He is growing tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮。The trouble is that they are short of money. 麻烦的是他们缺少钱。Our well has gone dry. 我们的井干枯了。His face turned red. 他的脸红了。谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：be, look, k

5、eep, seem等属一类，表示情况；get, grow, become, turn等属另一类，表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。【4】主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语（S+Vt.+iO+dO）有些及物动词可以有两个（双）宾语，指人的宾语叫做间接宾语，指物的宾语叫做直接宾语，合称为双宾语。如把直接宾语放在间接宾语之前，间接宾语前要加介词to或者for。He brought you a dictionary. 他给你带来了一本字典。She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 她给丈夫做了一顿美餐。I show

6、ed him my pictures.我给他看我的照片。I gave my car a wash.我洗了我的汽车。（1）与介词to的连用的动词主要有give, bring, lend, pass, show, teach, tell, take, send,teach,return,等。He gave me a ruler.=He gave a ruler to me.Please pass him a cup of tea.= Please pass a cup of tea to him.请递给他一杯茶。（2）与介词for连用的动词主要有：buy, cook, do, find, get,

7、 leave, make, play,choose,sing,等。My mother bought one beautiful birthday present for me. =My mother bought me a beautiful birthday present.Uncle Li bought me a birthday present.= Uncle Li bought a birthday present for me. 李叔叔给我买了一件生日礼物。如果直接宾语是人称代词时，必须将其置于间接宾语之前。【误】I need some salt. Pass me it, pleas

8、e.【正】I need some salt. Pass it to me, please.误：Please give me them. 正：Please give them to me.He brought you a dictionary. 他给你带来了一本字典。She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 她给丈夫做了一顿美餐。I showed him my pictures.我给他看我的照片。I gave my car a wash.我洗了我的汽车。I told him that the bus was late. 我告诉他汽车晚点了。He showe

9、d me how to run the machine.他教我开机器。分析这些句子有一个共同的特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思，故这类动词被称作双宾语动词。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。一般来说指人的宾语叫间接宾语，指物的宾语叫直接宾语。通常情况下间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后；有时也可把间接宾语置于直接宾语后，此时间接宾语前需加介词for或to。（1）间接宾语后置与for连用的动词有buy, make, cook, get, choose, sing, find等。（2）间接宾语后置与to连用的动词有give, lend, teach, take,

10、return, send, pass等。Please pass him a cup of tea.= Please pass a cup of tea to him.请递给他一杯茶。若直接宾语是人称代词，通常情况下将其置于间接宾语之前。【5】主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语（S+Vt.+O+Oc）宾语宾语补足语叫做复合宾语，作宾语补足语的常有以下几类词：They called him James .他们叫他詹姆斯。We will keep the table clean .我们将保持桌面干净。They painted the door green. 他们把门漆成绿色。What makes him

11、think so？他怎么会这样想?He made us laugh. 他使我们发笑。I wont let you go. 我不会让你走。I have them come tomorrow morning. 我让他们明天早上来。（1）后面一般跟不定式作宾语补主足语的动词有：ask, get, order, tell, want, wish，allow等。Our teacher told us to come early tomorrow.A passer-by told the driver to move his car so that it was not causing an obstru

12、ction.一个过路人叫那个司机把他的车挪一挪，免得挡道。She told me on the telephone to come help clean the house. 她在电话里叫我过去帮忙打扫屋子。We had to ask him to leave.我们不得不要求他离开。She said she had been asked to take two suitcases to Africa by a man called Sean. 她说有个名叫肖恩的男人要她带两个手提箱去非洲。（2）后面一般跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：“五看”：see, watch, look at,

13、notice;三“使役”：let, have, make;二“听”：hear, listen to;一“感觉”：feel等。Did you see him come in?We saw him out. 我们送他出去。He asked me to come back soon. 他要我早点回来。I saw them getting on the bus. 我看见他们上了那辆公共汽车。分析这些句子的共同特点是：谓语动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。宾语补足语的作用是说明宾语的动作或状态。宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。宾语补足语可以由名词、动词不定式、形容词、副词和介词短语等充当。在使役动词make, let, have等引起的复合宾语中，若宾语补足语是动词不定式，则要省去不定式符号to。I have them come