新教材精品人教版英语选择性必修三Unit 4GrammarWord文档下载推荐.docx

1、have/hasbeen现在分词 2用法（1）现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在或离现在不远的时间，其动作是否继续下去，则由上下文而定。这个时态多用于延续性动词，如live，learn，lie，stay，sit，wait，stand，rest，study等，并常和all this week，this month，all night，all the morning，recently等时间状语以及since和for引导的时间状语连用（与since和for连用时，动作常会继续下去）。I have been waiting for an hour and he still hasn

2、t turned up.我已经等了一个小时了，可他还没来。Ive been writing letters all this morning.整个上午我一直在写信。How long have you been living here?你在这里住了多久了？（2）有时现在完成进行时所表示的动作并不是一直在不停地进行，而是在断断续续地重复。这时现在完成进行时可用于瞬间动词。Hes been shaving since last year.他从去年开始就一直刮脸。You have been saying for a year that you will study abroad.整整一年你都在说要出国

3、学习。3现在完成进行时中时间状语的省略现在完成进行时在上下文清楚时亦可不用时间状语。这种现在完成进行时多指“刚才”或“近来”发生的动作，一般不再继续，并往往含有一种直接的结果。Youve been working too hard.你工作太辛苦了。（直接结果可能是你一定很累了）Youve been smoking again.你又抽烟了。（暗含结果是你身上有烟味）4现在完成进行时的感情色彩现在完成进行时和其他进行时态一样，也可以带有感情色彩。I have been wanting to meet you for a long time.和你见面是我盼望已久的事。Too much has bee

4、n happening today.今天发生太多事了。二、现在完成时与现在完成进行时现在完成进行时是兼有现在完成时和现在进行时二者基本特点的时态。由于它有现在完成时的特点，所以它可以表示某一动作对现在产生的结果或影响；由于它有现在进行时的特点，所以它也可以表示某一动作的延续性、临时性、重复性、生动性乃至感情色彩。现在完成时和现在完成进行时的比较：1现在完成进行时可以表示动作的重复，而现在完成时一般不表示重复性。Have you been meeting him recently?你最近常和他见面吗？Have you met him recently?你最近见过他吗？2现在完成进行时有时含有感情

5、色彩，而现在完成时一般是平铺直叙。I have been waiting for you for two hours.我一直等了你两个小时。（可能表示不满）I have waited for you for two hours.我等了你两个小时。（说明一个事实）3现在完成进行时强调动作，而现在完成时强调结果。Who has been eating the oranges?谁一直在吃橘子呀？（还剩余一些）Who has eaten the oranges?谁把橘子吃了？（强调吃得一个不剩）4有些动词不能用于现在完成进行时，但可用于现在完成时。如：表示状态的动词：be，have，exist等；表示

6、感情的动词：like，love等；表示感觉的动词：see，hear，know等。I have liked jazz since I was a teenager.从青少年起我就喜欢爵士乐了。I have known her for a long time.我认识她已经很长时间了。5与一段时间连用时可以用现在完成时也可以用现在完成进行时；但与次数连用时只能用现在完成时，不能用现在完成进行时。6这两种时态都可以表示动作的延续，区别在于：现在完成进行时更强调动作的延续性，可以说是现在完成时的强调形式。We have been living here for ten years.We have liv

7、ed here for ten years.我们在这里住了十年了。7在没有时间状语的情况下，现在完成进行时表示动作仍在进行，而现在完成时则表示动作到现在已经结束。The students have been preparing for the exam.学生们一直在为考试做准备。（还在进行）The students have prepared for the exam.学生们为考试做了准备。（已经结束）.单句语法填空1She has been reciting（recite） the words all the evening.2I have told（tell） her many times

8、，but she still makes the same mistake.3He has been waiting（wait） for you for a whole day.4She is the most beautiful girl I have ever seen（see）5It is the first time that she has read（read） such an interesting book.6You have been sitting（sit） at the computer all day.You must be tired.7The two friends

9、have been chatting（chat） on the Internet for three hours.8The manager has been telling（tell） the workers how to improve the program since 9 am.语法填空The heat wave that broke high temperature records in five European countries a week ago is now over Greenland,9. （cause） the surface of the islands vast

10、ice sheet to melt at nearrecord levels and a huge 10. （lose） of ice in the Arctic.On Wednesday alone，more than 10 billion tons of ice was lost to the oceans by surface melt，which is equal 11. about 4,000,000 Olympicsized swimming pools，said Ruth Mottram，a climate scientist with the Danish Meteorolog

11、ical Institute.Melting 12. （increase） in recent decades because of climate change and has been decreasing accumulation from snow.Previously，during the 1970s and the 1980s，Greenland lost 13. average of 50 billion tons of ice each year.From 2010 to 2018，that figure shot up to 290 billion tons 14. （ann

12、ual）This summer，the extent of the melt could surpass （超过） the record set in 2012,15. about 97% of the ice sheets surface began to melt.NASAJPL Caltech reported at the time.Greenland，the worlds largest island,16. （lie） between the Atlantic and Arctic oceans，with 82 per cent of its surface 17. （cover）

13、 in ice.A June 2019 study by scientists in the US.and Denmark said melting ice in Greenland alone will add between 5 and 33 centimeters to the rising 18. （globe） sea levels by the year 2100.If all the ice in Greenland melted，which would take centuries，the worlds oceans would rise by 7.2 meters.语篇解读本

14、文是一篇说明文，介绍了在五个欧洲国家打破高温纪录的热浪导致格陵兰岛表面巨大的冰盖以接近纪录的水平融化。9答案causing解析考查非谓语动词。cause与其逻辑主语The heat wave为主谓关系，表示主动，故用现在分词作结果状语，故填causing。10答案loss解析考查名词。此处作动词cause的宾语用名词形式，故填loss。11答案to解析考查介词。be equal to为固定搭配，意为“等同于”，故填to。12答案has increased/has been increasing解析考查时态。 in recent decades暗示此处应使用现在完成时（表示过去的动作对现在的影响）或现在完成进行时（强调动作从过去一直持续到现在并有可能继续下去），故填has increased/has been increasing。13答案an解析考查冠词。an average of表示“平均”，故填an。14答案annually解