1、纵观近年高考英语短文改错题,学生和老师都认为难度不大,然而,每年高考中还是有不少考生对此题深感头痛,主要原因是:1.考生的英语基础知识不扎实。2.考生缺乏对短文改错命题特点的了解和做题规律方法的总结。其实,我们可以将错误类别归结为以下几种:考点1. 词法错误【巧点妙拨】词法错误主要是指词的使用错误。词法错误是短文改错错误率最高的部分,需要特别注意。错误类别主要有下列几个方面:名词的单复数使用错误;冠词使用不当;形容词与副词形式的错误;形容词或副词级别的错误;形容词或副词的修饰词不当;形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词使用不正确等。1. 名词单复数使用错误名词单复数的错误也就是名词该用单数形式时错
2、用了复数形式,该用复数形式时错用了单数形式。也有不可数名词用了复数形式的情况。典题对应典题1. since then-for all these year-we have been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please.(2014年全国卷I)答案:year改为years。解析:year为可数名词,被all修饰,所以需用复数形式。典题2. No one in the carriage had previously spoken to or even noticed the ticket-owner before. Yet, they h
3、ad so quickly offered the strangers their help. (2014年浙江卷)strangers改为stranger。根据前后两句的语意可知此处的stranger应该指代the tichet-owner,故应该使用单数形式。典题3.Tom was having much troubles getting up in the morning.(2010年四川卷)troubles改为trouble。在此句中trouble意为“麻烦”,为不可数名词。故没有复数形式。2冠词使用不当冠词通常从以下几个方面出题:不定冠词a与an互改;不定冠词a或an和定冠词the互改
4、;根据需要增加或删除冠词。定冠词the的多余和缺失,如季节、月份、星期、球类及三餐活动等无需加任何冠词,称呼头衔前等不能加the的地方加了the,或是same等常和the一起使用的词却漏掉了the。典题1. Besides, Cleo tends to bark a average of six hours a day.(2014年辽宁卷)第一个a改为an。average以元音音素开始,故用an。典题2. Then everyone in the carriage began searching for the ticket, which was eventually found under
5、a seat several rows from its owner. The person who found a ticket smiled with pleasure at his success. (2014年浙江卷)a ticket中的a改为the。此处用the表示特指上文中提到的“那张票”。典题3.As result, the plants are growing everywhere. (2014年全国卷I)As后加a。as a result为固定短语。3形容词与副词形式的错误形容词与副词形式的错用指的是该用形容词形式却用了副词形式,或者该用副词形式却用了形容词形式。典题1. N
6、o one in the carriage had previous spoken to or even noticed the ticket-owner before. (2014年浙江卷)previous改为previously。此处作状语修饰全句需用副词形式。典题2. We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost! (2014年全国卷I)wonderfully改为wonderful。tomatoes为名词,需用形容词作定语,而不可以用副词形式。4. 形容词或副词级别的错误形容词或副词级别的错误指的是该用比较级或最高级却用了原级,而该用原级形
7、式的却用了比较级或最高级。此外,还有比较级的修饰词使用不当。常见的比较级修饰语有:a bit, a lot, a great deal, even, still, yet, a little, slightly, somewhat, any, much, many, far, greatly, rather。常见的最高级修饰语有:almost, by far, by no means, much, nearly, quite, really等。典题1. To make matters bad,now I have to share a room with my younger sister,M
8、aggie.(2013年浙江卷)bad改为worse。to make matters worse为固定短语。典题2.I knew that they would be worried about me because I was so farther away,and that my mother would not sleep if she knew. (2012年浙江卷)farther改为far。此处语境中只是陈述了自己离得远这一事实,没有比较意味,所以无需用比较级。5.-ed结尾的形容词与-ing结尾的形容词的错用-ed结尾的形容词指的是主语自身的感受,而-ing结尾的形容词表达的是“令
9、的”之意。典题1.I am awfully tiring,but I know Ill never fall asleep.(2013年浙江卷)tiring改为tired。此处是指“我很累”,而不是“我令人很累”,故用tired。典题2.Therefore,I told them interested stories and how I was enjoying Brazil.(2012年浙江卷)interested改为interesting。我给他们讲有趣的故事,说的是故事令人感兴趣,所以用interesting。6.有无-ly结尾的副词错用一种情况是该词本身是副词,不必加-ly;另一种情况
10、是两个词都是副词,一个以-ly结尾,一个是本身的形式。一般情况下,以-ly结尾的副词表示抽象意义,而不以-ly结尾的副词则表示具体的动作程度。这类错误近几年考查的较少,但也应该重视。典题1.I found the test difficult,but I tried hardly to do it.(2013年四川卷)hardly改为hard。hardly意为“几乎不”,而hard本身就是副词,根据句意可知将hardly改为hard。典题2.Hearing his story about his expression in America,we were deep moved.deep改为de
11、eply。此处指“我们被深深地感动了”,所以应该用deeply,deep用作副词表示具体的深度。 考点2. 句法错误【巧点妙拨】常见的句法错误有动词的时态和语态,主谓一致,非谓语动词,情态动词,名词性从句的连词,定语从句的关系代词和关系副词。这些错误通常与句子成分的分析紧密相连,所以难度较大。1. 动词的时态和语态错误动词的时态和语态是近几年高考短文改错中常涉及的考点,主要是一般现在时态和一般过去时态的更改。而语态主要是主动语态和被动语态相错用以及不及物动词用了被动语态。典题1. My dream school starts at 8:30 a. m and ends at 3:30 p. m
12、. There are three lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon. We didnt need to do so much homework. (2014年全国卷II)didnt改为dont。根据前面两句的时态可知此句用一般现在时态。典题2.they were looked like rain!(2014年陕西卷)去掉were或者looked。be和look在此处为系动词,不应该用被动语态。2.主谓一致错误主谓一致错误是指谓语动词的形式跟主语不一致。其错误表现为:主语是复数形式,而谓语动词却用了单数,或者主语是单数形式,谓语动词
13、却用了复数。典题1.Suddenly the arrows was flying down at us from the sky . (2014年陕西卷)was改为were。此句主语是the arrows,是复数形式,所以谓语动词用were。典题2.My dream school look like a big garden. (2014年全国卷II)look改为looks。此句主语是My dream school,是单数形式,所以谓语动词用looks。3.非谓语动词使用错误非谓语动词的错误主要体现在:应该用过去分词的用了现在分词,应该用现在分词的用了过去分词;应该用非谓语动词的用了谓语动词,
14、应该用谓语动词的用了非谓语动词;动词不定式的to不可以省的而省略,不该用不定式to的而用了。典题1.Felt hungry,we built a fire by the lake and barbecued the fish. (2013年陕西卷)Felt改为Feeling。feel这个动作是we发出的,与we之间是主动关系,因此用Feeling。典题2.One evening at sunset,we sat by the fire,have our barbecue. (2014年陕西卷)have改为having。此句中已经有谓语动词sat,故此处用having,表示伴随动作。典题3.He wanted teach me about animals,insects and trees.(2014年陕西卷)wanted后加to。want to do sth.为固定搭配,to不能省略。4.从句连接词错误从句连接词错误主要指名词性从句中的连接词选择错误;定语从句中的关系代词和关系副词的选择错误;状语从句中连词的选择错误;主从复合句之间缺少或多余连接词。典题1.But before long they began to see which was happening. (2012年全国卷)答
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