经济学原理II20XX年春季学期重点文档格式.docx

1、 错误。对于已经实现的交易而言，净出口必定等于净资本流动。但这并不意味着在任何汇率下，意愿的净出口等于净资本流出，后者的相等需要汇率的调节只有在某一个均衡汇率下才能实现。2. exports will increase if the removes its trade restrictions on imports, according tothe open economy macroeconomic model.True. A reduction in import restriction will increase imports to the , move its NX curve （t

2、he demand curve in its foreign-currency exchange market） to the left and cause the real exchange rate to depreciate, which in turn will encourage its exports.Another explanation: Since NX as a whole cannot be affected by trade policies its single determinant is NFI, an increase in imports, due to th

3、e removal, must be offset by an equal amount increase in exports.3. 如果家庭决定在今后把更大部分的收入储蓄起来，这在短期内会使得产出下降；长期内会使得产出上升。正确。短期内这将使得消费需求从而总需求下降，进而使得产出下降。长期内，这会使得储蓄和投资上升，自然产出上升。4. 政府支出和税收同等幅度的减少对总需求没有影响。错误。尽管政府支出减少会减少总需求，税收减少会增加总需求，二者作用相反；但于政府支出的乘数效应大于税收，二者同等幅度的变动将会使得政府支出的变动占主导地位，即二者同等幅度减少将减少总需求。5. 长期来看，通货膨胀

4、并没有降低工人的购买力；短期来看，通货膨胀有可能降低了工人的购买力。长期来看，通货膨胀是货币供给引起，不影响实际变量如工人实际工资和购买力名义工资和价格水平同等上涨。短期来看，于粘性工资，未预期到的通货膨胀有可能降低了工人的实际工资和购买力。6. Suppose politicians cares more about unemployment and less about inflation than the centralbank. Then a country can reduce the cost of disinflation by letting the central bank

5、make decisions about monetary policy without interference from politicians.True. An independent central bank will choose a lower inflation rate than one interfered by politicians. However, this would not result in a higher unemployment, thus a higher cost of disinflation, because an independent cent

6、ral bank will make people believe the credibility of its disinflation policy, thus adjust their expectations very quickly to avoid any large increase in unemployment.1二、选择题 1. 欧洲许多国家实行统一的货币欧元。根据购买力平价理论，当欧元区的一个国家出现通货膨胀时，另一个国家将会出现： A. 实际汇率贬值；价格水平不变 B. 实际汇率升值；价格水平不变 C. 实际汇率不变；价格水平不变 D. 实际汇率不变；价格水平上升2.

7、以下关于开放经济宏观经济模型的等式中，哪一个是恒等式： A. NX=NCO B. SD= S NCO C. SD=ID. 以上都是恒等式3. 根据开放经济宏观经济模型，以下哪一条不能解释美国具有较高的贸易赤字？ A. 其他国家到美国投资的热情较高 B. 美国对其进口的限制较小C. 美国的经济相对其他国家更加富有 D. 美国政府拥有较高的财政赤字4. Suppose that Congress passes an investment tax credit, which subsidizes domestic investment.In equilibrium, this policy will

8、national saving andthe trade balance. A. decrease, increase B. increase, decrease C. decrease, decrease D. increase, increase5. Suppose that Americans decide to increase their saving. If the elasticity of net capitaloutflow with respect to the real interest rate is very high, will this increase in p

9、rivate saving have a large or small effect on domestic investment On trade balance A. large; small B. small; large C. small; small D. large; large6. 20XX年8月，卡特里娜飓风袭击了美国墨西哥湾沿岸地区；大量居民逃离家园，飓风还摧毁了许多服务于全美国的能源和港口基础设施。根据这些事实，在短期内，这场飓风对于当地的影响主要是，产出，价格水平。对于全美国的影响主要是，产出，价格水平。A. 总供给减少，减少，上升；总供给减少，减少，上升 B. 总供给减

10、少，减少，上升；总需求减少，减少，下降 C. 总需求减少，减少，下降；总供给减少，减少，上升； D. 总需求减少，减少，下降；总需求减少，减少，下降27. Suppose an economy is in long-run equilibrium. Then the central bank raises the moneysupply. According to the sticky-wage theory of aggregate supply, in the new short-run equilibrium, nominal wage will, real wage will; in

11、the new long-run equilibrium, nominal wage will, real wage will. （All is xxpared with the initial long-run equilibrium.）A. decrease, not change; not change, increase B. decrease, decrease; increase, increaseC. not change, not change; not change, not change D. not change, decrease; increase, not chan

12、ge8. In the early 1980s, new legislation allowed banks to pay interest on checking deposits, whichthey could not do previously. If the Federal Reserve would maintain a constant market interest rate （the interest rate on non-monetary assets） in the face of this change, it would need tomoney supply, a

13、nd aggregate demand and aggregate output would. （Hint: Checking deposits are included in money.） A. increase; increase B. decrease; decreaseC. increase; been unchanged D. decrease; been unchanged9. 考虑两种政策仅持续1年的减税和预期为持久的减税，减税幅度相同。哪一种政策在长期中能刺激消费者更多的支出从而更多地刺激总需求？哪一种政策在实施减税的当年能刺激消费者更多的支出从而更多地刺激总需求？A. 在长

14、期中预期为持久减税更能刺激总需求；减税当年二者同等刺激总需求 B. 无论在长期还是减税当年，预期为持久减税都更能刺激总需求 C. 无论在长期还是减税当年，二者同等刺激总需求D. 在长期中预期为持久减税更能刺激总需求；在短期中仅持续1年的减税更能刺激总需求10. 美国上世纪90年代后期出现了持续的较低失业和较低通货膨胀的现象。其最可能的原因是：A. 美联储采取了持续的扩张性的货币政策 B. 美联储采取了持续的紧缩性的货币政策 C. 美联储采取了中性的货币政策D. 技术进步等因素使得长期供给增加了11. 通常认为，美联储加息会紧缩经济、抑制企业盈利前景而使得股市下跌。已知在美联储宣布加息政策之前，股票市场预期的加息幅度是个百分点。当美联储宣布的加息幅度是个百分点时，股票市场此时的反应很可能是： A. 股价上涨 B. 股价下跌 C. 股价不变D. 股价变动不确定312. Which of the following policies redistributes inxxe from young generations to oldgenerations？A. More generous subsidies for education loans B. Greater investments in highways and br