高中英语语法汇总PPT文档格式.ppt

1、Eg:Many girls want to buy.Every girl wants to buy.,意义一致原则:1可单可复1.1 集合名词:family,crew,people,staff,all,etc.用作整体,谓语用单数;用作个体,谓语用复数.Eg:My family poor.My family kindly to others.1.2 glasses,trousers,shorts（短语）,如果之前无单位词而单独使用,谓语动词用复数;否则用单数.Eg:My trousers black.One pair of scissors not enough.1.3 the number

2、of 谓语用单数;a number of谓语用复数.,is,are,is,are,1.4 关系分句中的主谓一致问题1）在“one of+复数名词+关系分句”结构中,分句的谓语动词常用复数.Eg.Im one of those people who very happy now.2）如果此结构前有“the”或“the only”等限定词或强调词时,关系分句的谓语动词形式依one而定,用单数.Eg.He is the only one of those boys who willing to help the little girl.1.5 主语+as mush as/rather than/mo

3、re than/no less than,谓语动词形式视主语本身单复数而定.（考点:通常该主语是单数第三人称,所以谓语用单数）Eg.His brother rather than his parents to blame.My husband,more than anyone else in the family,anxious to go there again.,are,is,is,is,1.6 主语+as well as/in addition to/with/along with/together with/execpt,谓语动词形式随主语本身而定.（考点:通常主语是单数第三人称,所以

4、谓语用单数）Eg.The father,as well as his son,going to travel.2.单数2.1 以-ics结尾的学科名称后,谓语用作单数.诸如:physics（物理学）;mathematics（数学）;mechanics（机械学）;politics（政治学）等.2.2 固定名词the United States,the United Nations 等做主语,谓语动词用单数.,is,2.3 Many a+单数名词,随后的谓语动词用单数;more than one（语法一致原则）,谓语动词用单数.Eg.Many a student that mistake befo

5、re.A had made B has been madeC have made D has made2.4 数量词（表距离,金额,重量,时间等复数名词）,谓语动词用单数.Eg.Six months is too short a time for me.Twenty miles is a long way to cover.2.5 名词性分句做主语,（what,who,why,how,whether等引导的）,谓语动词用单数.Eg.What caused the accident is a complete mestery.2.6 不定式和动名词做主语,谓语动词用单数.,D,就近原则3.1 遇

6、到or,nor,eitheror,neither nor,not only but also等,谓语动词采用“就近原则”.Eg.Either my father or my brothers coming.Either my brothers or my father coming.3.2 there be 的存在句型中,主谓一致采用“就近原则”Eg.There three apples and one orange on the desk.There one orange and three apples on the desk.,is,are,are,is,定语从句（限定性定从&非限定性定

7、从）1）限定性定语从句中,定语从句和它的先行词所指意义之间的联系不可分割,若少了它,则不能表达所需的确切含义.Eg.Success belongs to those students who work hard at ordinary times.2）非限定性定语从句和它的先行词之间的联系则较松散,只是对先行词提供一些补充说明.因此,若省去该从句,不至于影响先行词所指的主要意义.它和主句之间常用逗号分开,引导词不可用that,常用关系代词which,who,as以及关系副词when和where引导.Eg.We will put off the sports meet until next we

8、ek,when the weather may be better.As has been stated,metals have many good properties.,1.带前置词的定语从句2.名词（代词或数词）+of+whom/which表示部分与整体关系.3.whose引导定语从句.4.只能用that和who引导的定语从句.5.as引导的定语从句.6.but引导的定语从句.7.一种较特殊的定语从句句式.8.同位语从句,名词性从句（主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句在主句中起相当于名词的作用,即它们在复合句中的功用和名词相同,分别做主句的主语,表语和宾语.因此这三种从句合称为名词性从句.）相

9、同点:1）关连词相同 A.主从连词:that,whether,if在从句中只起连接作用不担任成分.B.连接代词:what,which,who,whose,whatever,whichever,whoever等在句中既起连接作用同时又充当主,宾,表,定语等成分.C.连接副词:when,where,how,why在句中既起连接作用又作状语.2）三种从句均不能用逗号与主句分开.3）名词性从句一般都用陈述句的语序.,1.主语从句2.表语从句3.宾语从句4.状语从句,1.1主语从句的结构和用法主语从句在复合句中充当主语,主句中的动词多为系动词.经常用来引导主语从句的关联词有主从连词that（无词义）,w

10、hether（是否）,连接代词what（的东西）以及连接副词等.1）有代词what引导的主从表示“的（东西）”其句子结构相当于一个名词加上一个定语从句Eg.What she wants to know is that.她想知道的是那一点.2）有主从连词,连接副词引导.Eg.Whether we shall have the meeting remains uncertain.我们是否开会还不能肯定.How she is still alive is beyond us.她怎么还活着,我们实在弄不明白.3）有连词that引导Eg.That the workers managed to do it

11、 is a fact.工人做了这项工作是事实.,1.2 用代词it做形式主语的主语从句.通常在主句的动词是连系动词的句子中,把主语从句放在句尾,把代词it（无具体意义）放在句首,作为形式上的主语,避免头重脚轻.Eg.It remains uncertain whether we shall have the meeting.当what引导的主语从句表示“的东西”时及whatever,whichever等关系代词引导的主语从句一般都不用it做形式主语.这种形式的主语从句可以用主从连词that和whether引导,也可以用连接代词或连接副词引导.Eg.It is strange that she

12、didnt come yesterday.,1.2.1 it+be+名词+主语从句Eg.It is a pity（a fact,an honour,a shame,a good news,a good thing,no wonder,a deplorable不幸的thing,etc.）that1.2.2 It+be+形容词+主语从句.Eg.It is strange（natural,true,fortunate,obvious,impossible,possible,likely,unlikely,funny,surprising,etc.）that1.2.3 It+be+过去分词+主语从句E

13、g.It is reported（announced,arranged,decided,expected,stressed,etc.）thatIt is not known（decidedetc.）thatIt must be pointed out thatIt has been discussed that1.2.4 It+不及物动词+主语从句Eg.It happened（seems,turned out,occurred to me,suddenly struck me,etc.）that,2.表语从句表语从句在复合句中做表语,位于主句中的连系动词之后.常用来引导表语从句的连接词有tha

14、t（有时可省略）,whether,连接副词where,when,why,how以及连接代词what,还可以由as if,as though引导.2.1 有连接代词what引导.Eg.This is what we want.2.2 由主从连词that引导.Eg.Our teachers idea is that we should do our homework first.2.3 由连接副词how引导.Eg.This is how it happened.事情是这样的。2.4 有as if引导.Eg.It looks as if it is going to rain.天好象要下雨似的。,2

15、.5 用在“The reason is that”;“It is because”或“This is because”等句型中.Eg.The reason why she is absent in Beijing is that she went to see her friend.她暂时不在北京的原因是她去看朋友了。This is because you neglected his advice.这是因为你不听他的劝告.,3.宾语从句宾语从句做动词的宾语,其位置与陈述句基本结构的宾语相同,同时也可做介词,非限定动词（动词不定式,动名词,分词）及be+某些形容词的宾语.3.1 有连词that引

16、导的定语从句最为普通（that常被省略）Eg.I think that you are right.此类宾语的用法一般有以下几种1）可以跟在某些动词后,这类动词有:see,say,think,insist,wish,deny,expect,agree,believe,decide,declare,explain,hear,feel,imagine,require,mand,etc.2）不可紧跟在某些动词后,这类动词有:let,allow,admire,like,dislike,take,forgive,etc.Eg.I take it that you must understand your mother.我认为你要理解