1、team, class不可数名词物质名词表示无法分为个体的实物air, sand,water, rain抽象名词表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念peace, friendship,happiness二、名词的数 名词分为可数和不可数名词。物质名词与抽象名词一般属于不可数名词,它们只有单数形式;个体名词和集体名词一般是可数名词,通常有单数和复数两种形式。单数变复数的变化分为规则变化和不规则变化两种。1.规则变化情况构成方法一般情况直接加smap-maps / bag-bags / car-_以“辅音字母+y”结尾变y 为i,再加esbaby-babies / family-_以“元音字母+y
2、”结尾day-days / monkey-_以s, sh, ch, x等结尾直接加esbus-buses / watches以f或fe结尾变f或fe为v 再加esWife-wives knife-knives部分以o结尾加eshero-heroes tomatoes negroes potatoes【注】 ch读/k/时,其复数形式应加s,如stomachs(胃,腹部) 常见的以o结尾要加es的有如下几个:hero, Negro, tomato, potato, mango,可记为“黑人英雄爱吃两菜一果”。 以f或fe结尾变f或fe为ves的词有如下:wife knife wolf thief
3、 shelf half leaf 可记为“ 妻子拿刀去宰狼,小偷吓得着了慌,躲进架子保己命,半片树叶遮目光”。2. 不规则变化a变eman-men woman-women policeman- policemen Frenchman- Frenchmenoo变eetooth-teeth, foot-feet goose-geeseouse变为icemouse-mice, louse-lice 词尾加renchild-children单复数同形deer, sheep, Chinese, Japanese, deer【注】 man,woman作定语修饰别的名词时,要把man,woman和其他部分都
4、变成复数,如man teacher men teachers,woman doctor - -women doctors 不规则复数形式的记忆口诀:男女警察英法人,都是将man变成men。脚、牙oo变ee,child加上ren。鹿和绵羊是一家,单变复时不变化。3. “某国人”的复数形式 “中日不变英法变,其余s加后面”(见下表)国家名国籍单数复数China中国人a Chinesetwo ChineseJapan日本人a Japanesetwo JapaneseEngland英国人An Englishmantwo EnglishmenFrance法国人a Frenchmantwo Frenchm
5、enAustralia澳大利亚人an Australiantwo AustraliansRussia俄国人a Russiantwo RussiansItaly意大利人an Italiantwo ItaliansGreece希腊人a Greektwo GreeksAmerica美国人an Americantwo AmericansIndia印度人an Indiantwo IndiansCanada加拿大人a Canadiantwo CanadiansGermany德国人a Germanstwo GermansSweden瑞典人a Swedetwo Swedes三、名词所有格 在英语中,特别是表示
6、有生命的名词,可以加s表示所属关系,名词的这种形式我们称之为名词的所有格。1. 有生命的名词所有格(1)单数名词的所有格加s。如: Mothers Day the little girls doll(2)以s结尾的复数名词所有格只加。 Teachers Day the students books(3)姓氏以s结尾,也可直接加。 Jones office琼斯的办公室(4)不规则的复数名词变所有格加s。 childrens books儿童读物 Womens Day妇女节(5)表示几人共有时,只在最后一个名词后加s。 莉莉和露西的爸爸Li Li and Lucys father 约翰和玛丽的课桌J
7、ohn and Marys desk(6)表示几人分别拥有时,则在每个名词后都加上所有格形式,而且后面所修饰的名词要用复数形式。 王林的爸爸和李坤的爸爸 wanglings and Likuns fathesr 露西的房间和莉莉的房间Lucys and Li Lis rooms2. 无生命的名词所有格(1)无生命的名词所有格常用of结构表示,如: the leg of the table the cover of the book (2)表示国家、时间、距离、重量和价值等的名词通过词尾变化表示所有,如: Chinas future todays newspaper 十分钟的路程 ten min
8、utess walk 两周的假期two weeks holiday 3. 双重所有格 双重所有格就是将of结构与s结构或名词性物主代词一起使用,如: a friend of Toms a friend of mine 4. 表示住宅、办公室或店铺的名词所有格后面一般省略它所修饰的名词,如: at Johns (home) at the doctors (office) at the barbers (shop) 专题练习一写出下列单词的复数形式: half _ boot _ mouth _deer _ policeman _ German _ Japanese _ woman-doctor _
9、 sheep _child _二 选择填空:1The deer has four _. A. foot B. feet C. feets D. foots2Her two brothers are both _. A. policeman B. policemans C. policemen D. policemens3There are four _ and two _ in the group. A. Japanese, Germen B. Japaneses, Germen C. Japanese, Germans4Two _ would come to the village. A.
10、woman-doctors B. women doctor C. women doctors D. woman doctors5Can you see nine _ in the picture? A. sheep B. dog C. pig D. horse6The _ has two _. A. boys, watches B. boy, watch C. boy, watches D. boys, watch7The boy often brushes his _ before he goes to bed. A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths8The Japanese _ will not leave China until she finishes her study. A. woman B. women C. man D. men9There are lots of _ in the basket on the table. A. tomatos B. tomato C. tomatoes D. tomatoss10. The cat caught two _ last night. A. mouses B. mice C. mouse D. mices
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