高三英语总复习语法重点难点.docx

1、高三英语总复习语法重点难点高三英语总复习语法重点难点 重点难点回顾stomachstomachs radio - radios, photo - photos, piano - pianos bamboo - bamboos, zoo - zoos a Germanthree Germans, an Americantwo Americansman servantmen servants; woman doctorwomen doctors; man cook - men cooks; woman singer - women singerspapers 报纸, 文件manners礼貌 goo

2、ds货物 works工厂, 著作 looks外表 glasses眼镜 greens青菜 hairs几根头发 times时代 sands 沙滩, 沙地 irons脚镣手铐 drinks饮料forces 军队 spirits 酒精, 情绪keep(break) ones word 守(失)信 leave word 留言a man of his word 有信用的人 in a word 简言之 word for(by) word 逐字地 upon my word 说实在话eat one words 收回前言, 认错 in other words 换句话说the last words 临终的话 was

3、te ones words 白费口舌have words with 与某人吵嘴 have a few words (a word) with 与某人说几句话a friend of my fathers; a few friends of Limings ; that book of Limings; two friends of my brothers1)主语形式虽为单数, 但意义为复数, 谓语动词用复数。例如:The crowd were running for their lives单数形式代表复数内容的词有:people, police , cattle, militia(民兵)等。2)

4、主语形式为复数, 而意义上却是单数, 谓语动词用单数。例如:The news was very exciting形复意单的单词有news, works(工厂)和一些以ics结尾的学科名称,physics, politics, economics,mathematics等。某些集体名词, 如people, police, cattle, militia 等, 只当复数看待, 谓语动词必须用复数。例如:The police are searching for him.Five minutes is enough to do this exerciseEach boy and each girl w

5、ants to serve the people in futureMore than one student has seen the film. Many a ship has been damaged in the storm.More members than one are against your plan.一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时, 谓语通常用复数形式, 如:glasses, clothes, trousers, shoes, compasses, chopsticks, scissors等。但如果主语用“a kind of , a pair of , a

6、series of等加名词”构成时, 谓语动词一般用单数形式。例如:A pair of shoes was on the deskthis kind of men的谓语用单数, men of this kind和these kind of men的谓语用复数。all kinds of 后跟复数名词, 谓语用复数形式。并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时, 谓语动词用单数形式, 这时and后面的名词没有冠词。例如:Truth and honesty is the best policyThe girls teacher and friend is a young doctorTo l

7、ove and to be loved is the great happiness.Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.A knife and fork is on the table.当主语后面跟有as well as, as much as , no less than, along with, with, like, rather than, together with, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等引导的词组时, 其谓语动词的单、复数按主语的

8、单、复数而定。例如:The teacher as well as the students was excitedThe room with its furniture was rentedA (great) number of, many, a few 修饰可数复数名词, 其短语作主语时, 谓语动词用复数; a little, much, a great deal of,a large amount of 修饰不可数名词, 其短语作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。如果主语由“the形容词(或过去分词)”结构担任时, 谓语通常用复数, 这类词有:the brave, the poor, the ri

9、ch, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf and dumb, the oppressed, the injured, the wounded, the unemployed等；当主语后面跟有as well as, as much as , no less than, along with, with, like, rather than, together with, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等引导的词组时, 其谓语动词的单、复数按主语的单

10、、复数而定。例如:The teacher as well as the students was excitedThe room with its furniture was rented关系代词who, that, which等在定语从句中作主语时, 其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。例如:Those who want to go please sign your names hereSome of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun19)疑问代词who, what, which 作主语时, 谓语动词可根据说话人所要表达的意

11、思决定单复数。例如:Who lives next door? It is Xiao Liu. Who live next door? It is Zhang and Liu.Which is (are) your book(s)? What produce(s) heat?two score of people中应加“of”，但three score and ten people “七十人”中不加of。 scores of people指“许多人”表示“在几十年代”用inthe“逢十的数词复数”。例如：in the 1990s 或90s或nineties季节、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日三餐、

12、学科名称，球类、棋类名词名称前一般不加冠词。1/2 one(a) half 1/4 one(a) quarter系动词be，grow，get，become，feel，appear，prove，seem，look，keep，smell，taste，sound，turn，remain限定词+数量形容词(序数词在前，基数词在后)+性状形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体+新旧+颜色+国藉+材料Those three beautiful large square old brown wood table某些以a-开首的形容词例如：afraid，alike，alone，asleep，awake, alive

13、等只能作表语,不能作定语。某些以-ly结尾的词是形容词而不是副词。例如：friendly，lively， lovely，lonely，likely，deadly，silly，orderly, timely等。plenty of， a lot of 一般不用于疑问句和否定句中，通常用many或much代替。1)close接近地 closely仔细地，密切地2)free 免费地 freely自由地,无拘束地3)hard努力地 hardly几乎不4)late 晚，迟 lately 近来5)most 极,非常 mostly主要地6)wide广阔地，充分地 widely广泛地7)high高 highly

14、高度地，非常地8)deep深，迟 deeply抽象意义的“深”9)loud大声地 loudly大声地(含有喧闹的意思)10)near邻近 nearly几乎good well/better best bad/ill,badly worse worstmany/much more most little less leastfar farther/further farthest/furthest old elder/older eldest/oldest比较级的用法双方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级than”的结构表示。例如：This pen is better than that on

15、e表示一方不及另一方时，用“less原级than”的结构表示。例如：This room is less beautiful than that one表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比较级前加表示程度的状语，如：even，a lot，a bit，a little，still，much，far, yet, by far等修饰。例如：He works even harder than before注意:英语的比较级前如无even, still,或yet 等时,译成汉语时可用“较”或“一些”或不译出,一般不可用“更”,如:She is better than she was yesterday.她比昨天好些了。Please come earlier tomorrow.请明天早点来。注意:by far 通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时,一般放在比较级的后面, 如放在前面,应在二者中间加“the”。如:He is taller by far than his brother. He is by far the taller of the two brothers.表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，用“the比较级(主语+谓语