高考译林研版英语一轮第2部分 板块1 第2讲 非谓语动词文档格式.docx

1、全国卷）I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking （look） directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel challenged （challenge）4（2018全国卷）Once his message was delivered, he allowed me to stay （stay） and watch.5（2017全国卷） But unlike her school friends, 16yearold Sarah is not spending halfterm resti

2、ng（rest）命题解读1.考查非谓语动词的句法功能（状语、定语、宾语、补语、主语和表语等），以考查主语、宾语、状语居多；2考查固定搭配中的非谓语动词。短文改错全国卷） My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish. sellselling全国卷） As a kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not let me.watchingw

3、atch全国卷） Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his or her paragraph aloud.waitwaiting全国卷） Some of us were confident and eager take part in the class activity; others were nervous and anxious.eager后加to全国卷） When summer comes, they will invite their students pick the fresh v

4、egetables！pick前加to1.谓语动词与非谓语动词的错用；2过去分词与现在分词的错用；3不定式符号to的多余或缺失；4to是介词还是不定式符号的误判。考点一非谓语动词的形式及意义单句语法填空1（2019湖北武昌区高三调考）The Yangtze River，known（know） in China as the Chang Jiang is the longest river in Asia and the longest in the world to flow entirely within one country.2（2019玉溪月考）You lose weight for a

5、 while, only to gain（gain） back more weight when you stop your weight loss program.3（2019湖南六校联考）Of course, enjoying（enjoy） a nice meal with friends, whatever we eat, can also impact our spirits. Being with friends and family plays a big part in experiencing happiness.非谓语动词主动语态被动语态意义不定式一般式to doto be

6、done表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生进行式doing表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生完成式to have been 表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词的动作之前现在分词/动名词一般式being 表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生，或基本上同时发生完成having been done表示的动作先于句中谓语动词的动作发生过去分词与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系，表完成Having been fired by the company，the man now has difficulties in supporting his family.被公司解雇了，这位男士难以养活他的家庭

7、。There are still many problems to be solved before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.在我们准备在月球上长住之前，还有很多问题仍需要解决。考点二非谓语动词作状语.单句语法填空广东七校联考）We went to a fast food restaurant for dinner together. My husband went to the counter to order（order） dishes and I stood with my parents.合肥检测）Emperor Qin Shi

8、huang simplified Chinese characters and set regular rules, making（make） it easier for people to learn and master.福州模拟）With my eyes tightly closed（close），I dived in and made my way to the other end.单句改错4（2019长沙一模）The boy brought his guitar to the stage，worn a fashionable hat，which made him seem so my

9、sterious.wornwearing5（2019长春模拟）Thought that his solution might be wrong, I carefully analyzed the problem and tried to work it out in a different way. ThoughtThinking1不定式作状语（1）作目的状语，可用so as to/ in order to替换，但 so as to一般不可置于句首，意为“为了；想要”。（2016北京卷）To make it easier to get in touch with us，youd better

10、keep this card at hand.为了便于联系我们，你最好将这张卡片放在身边。（2）作结果状语，常表示出乎意料的结果，常用于下列结构中：only to do；enough to do（足够做）；too.to do.（太而不能）；so/such.as to.（如此以至于）等。Tom took a taxi to the airport，only to find his plane high up in the sky.汤姆乘出租车去了机场，结果发现他要乘坐的飞机已飞入高空。（3）作原因状语，常用在“主语系动词形容词to do”结构中。这类形容词有：easy，difficult，har

11、d，cheap，expensive，fit，comfortable，heavy，good，important，impossible，dangerous，surprised，astonished，delighted，disappointed 等。We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition.令我们吃惊的是，这座寺庙仍保持着最初的样子。易错提示语法填空和短文改错中常考查 “主语be形容词不定式”结构，句子的主语和不定式构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且此时不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义。另外需注意的是在该结构中，

12、不定式中的动词必须是及物动词；若为不及物动词，则要在其后加上适当的介词，使之构成及物动词短语。2分词作状语非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语。现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。Ordered over a week ago，the books are expected to arrive any time now.这些书是一个多星期以前订购的，现在有望随时到货。Like ancient sailors，birds can find their way using th

13、e sun and the stars.像古代的船员一样，鸟类可以利用太阳和星星找到它们的路。名师点津部分过去分词作状语时不表示被动，也不表完成，而表示一种状态。常见的有：located （坐落于），lost（迷路的），seated（坐着的），hidden（躲着的），lost/absorbed/buried in（沉溺于），dressed in（穿着），tired of（厌烦的），faced with（面对着）。Absorbed in painting，John didnt notice evening approaching.由于专心绘画，约翰没有注意到夜幕正在降临。3独立成分作状语有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常考的有：generally/frankly/roughly/strictly speaking，talking of，speaking of，judging from/by，taking everything into consideration，compared to/with，to be frank，to tell（you）the truth，to be honest，to make things worse 等。Judging from his accent，he is from Hong Kong