人教版高中英语选修8全国Period Three Grammar and Writing.docx

1、人教版高中英语选修8全国Period Three Grammar and WritingPeriod ThreeGrammar，Speaking & Writing一、概念在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句 (Noun Clauses)。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语(包括介词宾语)、表语、同位语等。根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。二、分类(一)主语从句在复合句中，作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。1主语从句的引导词主语从句通常由that，whether，what，who，which，whatever，whoev

2、er，whom，how，when，where，why等引导。其中，that在句中无实义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当一定的成分。注意：whom，who指人，what指物，whatever，whoever表示泛指意义。Who will win the match is still unknown.谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。Where the English evening party will be held has not yet been announced.英语晚会将在哪里举行还没有宣布。2形式主语it有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用

3、it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：Itbe名词/形容词/过去分词/不及物动词that从句It is a pity that you didnt attend the evening party.你没参加晚会真是遗憾。It is clear that light travels in straight lines.很明显，光是沿直线传播的。注意：连接代词(副词)引导的主语从句，可以使用形式主语it(what引导的主语从句除外)。但如果句子是疑问句，则必须使用带形式主语it的结构。 Is it true that he is

4、 the girls father?他是那女孩的父亲，是真的吗？3从句中的谓语动词形式在主语从句中，用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should)do”，常用的句型有：(1)It is necessary(important，natural，strange，etc.)that.(2)It is suggested(requested，proposed，desired，etc.)that.Its necessary that we (should) learn another foreign language.我们很有必要再学一门外语。Its suggest

5、ed that we (should) take measures at once.有人建议我们应该立刻采取措施。即时跟踪11用所给词的正确形式填空(1)What he wants to read now are (be) some magazines.(2)Its important that children (should) have (have) their own hobbies and interests.(3)It is requested(request) that he should leave before seven oclock.2用适当的连接词填空(1)Its a p

6、ity that he didnt come.(2)Whether they would support us was a problem.(二)宾语从句在复合句中，用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。1宾语从句的引导词宾语从句通常由连接词that，whether，if，连接代词或连接副词引导。(1)由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但从句是并列句时，第二个分句前的that不可省。He has told me (that) he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。We must never t

7、hink (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing.我们决不能认为自己什么都好，别人什么都不好。注意：在demand，order，suggest，decide，insist，desire，request，command等表示要求、命令、建议等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“(should)动词原形”。I insist that she (should) do her work alone.我坚持要她自己工作。The commander ordered that troops (should) set off

8、at once.司令员命令部队马上出发。(2)连接代词/副词连接代词有who，whom，which，whose，what，whoever，whatever，whichever等；连接副词有when，where，why，how，whenever，wherever等。宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句但又不同于特殊疑问句，应注意句子要用陈述语序。I want to know what he has told you.(不能说what has he told you)我想知道他告诉了你什么。She always thinks of how she can work well.(介词的宾语从句)她总是在想怎样能

9、把工作做好。She will give whoever needs help a warm support.(不能用who)凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。2宾语从句的时态在含有宾语从句的复合句中，当主句动词是过去时态(could，would除外)，从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理、科学原理、自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。但是，当主句动词是一般现在时时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态。The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America.老师告诉我们说汤姆已经出发去美国了。

10、I know (that) he has studied English since 1998.我知道他自从1998年以来就学习英语。3否定转移在动词think，believe，imagine，suppose等动词后接一个表示否定意义的宾语从句时，其否定通常转移到主句上。 We dont think you are here.我们认为你不在这。I dont believe he will do so.我相信他不会这样做。注意：通常只限于主句主语是第一人称的情况。4形式宾语it当宾语从句后跟有宾语补足语时，通常在宾语从句中使用形式宾语it，而将真正的宾语从句移至句末。He hasnt made

11、it known when he is going to get married.他还没有宣布他何时结婚。即时跟踪21单句语法填空(1)I dont imagine that he will come(come) tomorrow.(2)How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on who/whom he goes with，whether his friends or relatives.2单句改错(1)Please tell me which do you like better.(2)I think best that

12、 you should stay here.(三)表语从句在复合句中，位于系动词之后作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的连接词有that，whether，连接代词和连接副词以及as if/though，because等。其基本结构为：主语系动词that从句。The fact is that we have lost the game.事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。This is where our problem lies.这就是我们的问题所在。It looks as if it is going to rain.看上去天要下雨了。注意：(1)当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而

13、不是because。The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning.他迟到的原因是早晨他晚了一分钟，错过了火车。(2)whether 可引导表语从句，但与之同义的if却不能引导表语从句。即时跟踪3用适当的连接词填空(1)What a mess！You are always so lazy!Im not to blame，Mum.I am what you have made me.(2)Grandma pointed to the hospital and said，“That

14、s where I was born.”(3)The best moment for the football star was when he scored the winning goal.(4)The reason why he failed was that he was lazy.三、名词性从句中应注意的几个难点1what与that的区别what充当主语、宾语或表语等句子成分that不充当任何句子成分What we need to do is provide better education for girls.我们需要做的就是为女孩子提供较好的教育。That the student

15、s need more knowledge is the key problem.学生需要知识是最关键的问题。2whether与if 作“是否”讲时的区别在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if：a引导主语从句并在句首时；b引导表语从句时；c引导从句作介词宾语时；d直接与or not连用时；e后接动词不定式时。Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.(主语)月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。Everything depends on whether we have enough money.(介词宾语)一切要

16、看我们是否有足够的钱。I wonder whether he will come or not.(宾语，可用if)我想知道他来还是不来。Can you tell me whether to go or to stay？(不可用if)你能否告诉我是去还是留？3名词性从句的语序名词性从句必须用陈述语序，而不能使用疑问句语序，尤其是当名词性从句由“疑问词”引导时，不能受疑问句的影响而误用疑问语序。In ones own home one can do what one likes.在自己家里可以随心所欲。4who/whoever，what/whatever等的用法区别一般说来，what/who等含特

17、指意义，而whatever/whoever等含泛指意义，意为“无论什么/无论谁”。The club will give whoever wins a prize.俱乐部将给得胜者奖励。5连接词that的省略问题引导主语从句、表语从句的连接词that不能省略；但引导宾语从句的连接词that通常可省略。但要注意：(1)当动词后带有两个并列的宾语从句时，引导第二个从句的连接词that不可省略。The teacher told the students (that) they should hand in their homework the next day and that the homewor

18、k must be signed names by their parents.老师告诉学生他们要在第二天交上作业，并且作业必须由家长签字。(2)当that前面有插入语时，that不宜省略。Little Alice didnt know，Im sure，that her sister was going to America.我确信，小艾丽斯不知道她的姐姐很快就要去美国了。(3)有时为了强调，that引导的宾语从句位于句首，此时that不可省略。That she is a good girl I know.她是个好姑娘，我是知道的。即时跟踪41句型转换(1)What has he told h

19、er？Do you know？(合并为复合句)Do you know what he has told her?(2)As is well known，China has the largest population in the world.It is well known that China has the largest population in the world.2单句改错(1)He is late for class.Thats he missed the early bus.(2) he wants to tell us is not clear.(3)I wonder or

20、 not he will come to our party.用适当的连接词填空1It is often the case that anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.(2016江苏)2Your support is important to our work.Whatever you can do helps.(2016北京)3The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is that one can be entirely free from dust.(2016北京)4A sh

21、ip in harbor is safe，but thats not what ships are built for.(2015安徽)5We must find out when Karl is coming，so we can book a room for him.(2015重庆)6How we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.(2015北京)7I truly believe that beauty comes from within.(2015北京)8If you swim in a river or lake，b

22、e sure to investigate what is below the water surface.Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water.(2015浙江)9The exhibition tells us why/that we should do something to stop air pollution.(2015四川)10Where Li Bai，a great Chinese poet，was born is known to the public，but some wont accept it.(2015

23、江苏)11As natural architects，the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.(2015全国).单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to I live.(2016全国)2Some classmates suggest we go to places of interest nearby.3After looki

24、ng at the toy for some time，he turned around and found 或where his parents were missing.(2015全国，短文改错)4“He has ruined his health.We are worried about him.” That is other teachers say.(2013辽宁，短文改错)5This is I need to improve in the future.(2013大纲全国，短文改错)6But before long they began to see was happening.(

25、2012新课标全国，短文改错)7It was a pity some of us were not present as they had gone abroad for further studies，but they called back or sent greeting cards from different places.(2008辽宁，短文改错)Encouraging others to speakWell done！干得好！You can do it.你能行。Youll make it.你会成功的。Just have a try.试一下。Do be confident.务必自信

26、。Keep trying.加油/继续努力。Cheer up！高兴起来，振作起来！Come on！加油！Questions and expressionsWhere are you？你在哪里？What are you doing there？你在那里正做什么？Really？真的吗？And what about.？怎么样？Whats it really like？它到底像什么？What do you think？你怎么想的？What happened then？接着发生什么事了？Indeed？真的吗？Is that so？真的是那样吗？Good.好。Yes，thats right.是的，就是那样。

27、That sounds interesting.听起来很有趣。Oh，I see.哦，我明白了。Sounds great！听起来挺棒！Just as I thought.和我想的一样。【即时跟踪】语法填空Jonny：Hey！Im just practicing tai chi(太极)Would you like to join me?Peter：I know nothing about it.Is it difficult?Jonny：It seems easy，but you need a lot of practice.You just follow me like this.Peter：O

28、K.Dont laugh 1.at me.I may look funny.Jonny：Bend your knees slightly and reach out your arms like tree branches，naturally and 2.softly(soft)Try to keep your body straight.Move slowly，then be sure to keep your balance and dont let your body shake.Peter：I cannot control my body well.My legs become 3.p

29、ainful(pain)Jonny：Keep 4.holding(hold) your position for a while.It helps develop your strength and flexibility.Raise your leg and let 5.it stay in the air for seconds.Peter：I feel my legs shaking.I cannot do this any longer.Jonny：Be patient！Tai chi 6.is called(call) “shadow boxing” in English.It as

30、ks you to act like water：to be flexible as well 7.as strong.In real competition，a tai chi master borrows the strength of the competitor and uses this energy to fight back.The 8.harder(hard) you try to beat him，the more likely you will get hit.He controls you!Peter：Unbelievable！Oh.,9.if you dont mind

31、，Ill stop and take a deep 10.breath.【文体指导】1描写某地的景色或景观时，一般要遵循的原则是：从总体到局部，从外到内。2这类文章一般包括三段：开头是总体介绍，引出主题；中间是正文，具体介绍此地的特色，如著名的建筑、风景名胜等；第三部分是结尾。3描写某地的短文属说明文体，要弄清时间的立足点是“过去”、“现在”还是“将来”。4表达方式要有所变化，景物描写用词容易重复、单调，因此写作时应选用不同的句式和表达方式来描述事物，使表达方式多样化。常用句式1位置(location)：(1)lies in/to/on.(2)There stands.(3)is located/situated in.(4)stretches along.2面积(area)：(1)covers an