生物化学常用专业术语中英文对照汇编手册_精品文档Word格式.doc

1、单糖monosaccharide寡/低聚糖oligosaccharide二糖disaccharide三糖trisaccharide多糖polysaccharide复合糖compoud/complex saccharide链状结构chain structure构型configuration构象conformation异构isomerism对映体enanthiomer果糖fructose半乳糖galactose甘露糖mannose环状结构ring structure异头物anomer不对称碳原子asymmetric carbon atom投影式Fischer式透视式Haworth式椅式构象chai

2、n form船式构象boat form旋光性optical activity比旋光度specific rotation变旋性mutarotation甜度sweetness 半缩醛hemiacetal醛糖酸aldonic acid还原糖reducing sugar醛糖二酸aldaric acid糖醛酸uronic acid糖苷glycoside糖脎osazone/phenylosazone糠醛furfural蒽酮anthroneN-乙酰葡糖胺 NAG N-乙酰-胞壁酸 NAM蔗糖sucrose麦芽糖maltose乳糖lactose淀粉starch糖原glycogen纤维素cellulose壳多糖

3、（几丁质）chitin琼脂agar支链淀粉amylopectin直链淀粉amylose肽聚糖peptidoglycan粘肽mucopeptide氨基糖肽glycoaminopeptide磷壁酸teichoic acid软骨素4-或6-硫chondroitin 4-or 6-sulfate,CS脂多糖lipopolysaccharide糖蛋白glycoprotein透明质酸hyaluronic acid,HA肝素heparin,HP蛋白聚糖proteoglycan硫酸皮肤素dermatan sulfate,DS硫酸角质素keratan suIfate,KS核心蛋白core protein连接蛋白

4、link protein糖胺聚糖/粘多糖glycosaminoglycan/mucopolysaccharide胞壁酸muramic acid神经氨酸neuraminic acid淀粉酶amylase糊精odextrin磷酸化酶phosphrylase糖肽键glycopeptide linkag脂 质（lipid）单脂simple lipid复脂compound lipid衍生脂质derived lipid脂肪酸fatty acid,FA饱和脂肪酸saturated FA不饱和脂肪unsaturated FA单不饱和脂肪酸monounsaturated FA多不饱和脂肪酸polyunsatur

5、ated FA乳化emulsification微团micelle离子型去污剂（乳化剂）ionic detergent三脂triester甘油glycerol Sn命名法Stereospecific Numbering酰基甘油acylglycerol三酰甘油triacylglycerol,TG甘油三脂triglyceride命名法nomenclature乙酰（化）值/价acetylation value酸值/酸价acid value加成反应addition reaction碘值/碘价iodine number or value皂化值saponification value磷脂phospholip

6、id甘油磷酯glycerophospholipid微囊vesicle磷脂酶phospholipase磷酸甘油脂phosphoglyceride鞘氨醇sphingosine鞘（氨醇）磷脂sphingomyelin神经酰胺ceramide鞘磷脂sphingomyelin糖脂glucolipid/glycolipin鞘糖脂glycosphingolipid必需脂肪酸essential fatty acid蜡wax过氧化作用peroxidation磷脂酰胆碱/卵磷脂lecithin磷脂酰乙醇胺/脑磷脂cephalin双磷脂酰甘油/心磷脂cardiolipin萜terpene类固醇/甾醇steroid胆

7、固醇cholesterol蛋白质（protein）化学蛋白质protein,pr蛋白水解酶proteolytic enzyme蛋白酶proteinase胰蛋白酶trypsin糜蛋白酶chymotrypsin胃蛋白酶pepsin嗜热菌蛋白酶themolysin氨基酸amino acid,AA等电点isoelectric point,pI标准氨基酸standard amino acid甘氨酸glycine,Gly,G丙氨酸alanine,Ala,A缬氨酸 valine,Val,V亮氨酸lucine,Leu,L异亮氨酸 isoleucine,Ile,I丝氨酸serine,Ser,S苏氨酸threon

8、ine,Thr,T半胱氨酸cysteine,Cys,C甲硫/蛋氨酸methionine,Met,M谷氨酸glutamic acid,Glu,E谷氨酰胺glutamine,Gln,Q天冬氨酸aspartic acid,Asp,D天冬酰胺asparagine,Asn,N赖氨酸lysine,Lys,K精氨酸arginine,Arg,R组氨酸histidine,His,H脯氨酸proline,Pro,P苯丙氨酸phenylalanine,Phe,F色氨酸tryptophan,Trp,W酪氨酸tyrosine,Tyr,Y2,4一二硝基氟苯DNFB苯异硫氰酸酯PITC苯硫乙内酰脲AA PTH-AA苯氨基硫

9、甲酰AA PTC-AA坂口反应Sakaguchi反应乙醛酸反应Hopking-Cole反应肽键peptide bond二硫硝基苯甲酸DTNB （Ellman试剂） 谷胱甘肽（GSH ,Glu-Cys-Gly）肽（链）peptide chain酚试剂反应Folin-Cioculteu反应氨肽酶amino peptidase羧肽酶carboxypeptidase真正单键pure single bond二面角dihedral angle帽化capping部分双键的性质partial double-bond character一级结构 primary structure二级结构 secondary s

10、tructure三级结构tertiary structure四级结构quaternary structure二级结构元件 secondary structrue element螺旋helix-螺旋-Helix氢键hydrogen bond疏水作用hydrophobic interaction范德华力van der Waals force-折叠-pleated sheet亚基/亚单位subunit自由回转/无规卷曲random coil结构域structural domain次级键（非共价键）noncovalent bond肌红蛋白myoglobin,Mb对称性symmetry超二级结构（花式）

11、Super-secondary structure 肽链peptide chain多肽polypeptide活性肽active peptide-角蛋白-keratin丝心蛋白fibroin胶原蛋白collagen血红蛋白hemoglobin,Hb别构作用allosteric interaction别构效应allosteric effect别构蛋白allosteric protein协同效应cooperative effect二磷酸甘油酸BPG核糖核酸酶ribonuclease, RNase-转角-turn（-弯曲-bend,-回折或发夹结构hairpin structure）纸层析filter

12、-paper chromatography离子交换层析ion-exchange column chromatography简单/纯蛋白质simple protein缀合蛋白质conjugated protein纤维状蛋白质fibrous protein球状蛋白质globular protein二硫键disulfide bond对角线电泳diagonal electrophoresis氨基酸残基amino acid residues同源蛋白质homology protein螺旋帽化helix capping肌球蛋白myosin膜周边蛋白peripheral protein膜内在蛋白antegra

13、l protein脂锚定蛋白Lipid-anchored protein变性denaturation变性剂denaturation agent十二烷基硫酸钠SDS复性renaturation珠蛋白globin血红素heme紧张态tense state弛态relaxed state镰刀状细胞贫血病sickle-cell anemia免疫球蛋白IgG渗透压osmotic pressure沉降系数sedimentation coefficient沉降系数单位Svedberg unit,S凝胶过滤gel filtration聚丙烯酰胺凝胶ployacrylamide gel水化层hydration mantle亲水胶体hydrophilic colloid双电层electric double layer纯化purification分离isolation透析dialysis密度梯度density gradient盐溶salting in盐析salting out电泳electrophoresis聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳ployacrylamide gel electrophoresis毛细管电泳capillary electrophoresis等电聚