初中英语语法主谓一致Word下载.doc

1、2. 意义一致原则：指主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，这是谓语动词用单数形式。 My family are having lunch now. 我们一家人现在正吃午饭。Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book.这本书 20 美元太贵了。3. 就近一致原则：指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近他的主语。 Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.不仅老师喜欢踢足球，而且 他的学生也喜欢踢足球

2、。There is a pen and some books on the desk.课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。二、 主谓一致常考题型：1. 单数名词（代词），不可数名词做主语时，谓语用单数形式，复数名词（代词）做主语， 谓语用复数形式。2. many a+单数名词做主语，意义虽为“许多”，但谓语要用单数形式。 Many a student has been to Shanghai. 许多学生到过上海。3. more than one+单数名词做主语，谓语用单数。 More than one student has ever been to Beijing.不止一个学生曾经去过北京。4. 表示

3、时间，价格，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等的词或短语做主语时，这些通常作一个整体概念，谓语用单数形式。 Two months is a long holiday. 两个月是一个长假。Twenty pounds isnt so heavy. 2 0 英镑并不太重。Ten miles isnt a long distance. 1 0 英里并不是一段很长的距离。Five minus four is one. 5 减 4 等于 1。5. 主语是 each/every+单数名词+and（each/every）+单数名词时，谓语动词用单数。 Each boy and each girl has got a

4、 seat. 每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。Every man and every woman is at work. 每个男人和女人都在工作。6. one and a half+复数名词做主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 One and a half hours is enough. 一个半小时足够了。7. 动词不定式，动名词做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。To see is to believe 眼见为实。Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes. 做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。8. a/an+单数名词+or two 做主语，谓语动词用单数。A stude

5、nt or two has failed the exam. 一两个学生考试不及格。9. 当主语部分含有 with，together with，along with，as well as，besides，except，but，like 等介词或介词短语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Mike with his father has been to England. 迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。Mike, like his brother, enjoys playing football 迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。10. 由 and 连接的两个单数名词做主语时，一般用复数形式，但 and 所连接的并

6、列主语是同一个人、事物或概念时，谓语动词用单数。这两种情况区分如下： a/the+单数名词+and+ 单数名词，指的是同一个人或物；a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词，指两个人或物。The writer and teacher is coming. 那位作家兼教师来了。（作家和教师指同一个人） The writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和老师来了。（作家和老师是两个人）11. people, police 等集体名词做主语，谓语动词用复数形式，family, class, group, team 等集体名词做主语，若指一个整体时，谓语动词

7、用单数形式，若指一个具体成员时，谓语动词复数形式。People here are very friendly. 这儿的人很友好。His family isnt large. 他家的人不多。My family all like watching TV. 我们一家人都喜欢看电视。12. 不定代词somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, nobody, everything, no one, nothing 做主语，谓语动词用单数，Is everyone here today. 今天大家到齐了吗？Som

8、ething is wrong with him. 他有毛病。Nobody was in. 没有人在家。13. each, either, neither, another, the other 做主语，谓语动词用单数。Each of them has an English dictionary. 他们每人都有一本英语词典。Neither answer is correct. 两个答案都不正确。14. 以s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义，谓语通常用单数形式，如 news, maths, physics 等， 例如： No news is good news. 没有消息就是好消息。 No Mat

9、hs is very popular in our class 在我们班数学很受欢迎。15. 由 bothand 连接两个单数名词做主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；由 or, eitheror，neithernor,not onlybut also,notbut,连接两个名词或代词做主语时，根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式。Both his father and his mother are both teachers. 他的爸爸和妈妈都是老师。Tom or Jack is wrong. 不是汤姆就是杰克错了。Either this one or that one is ok. 这一个或那一个都行。1

10、6. a number of+复数名词做主语，谓语动词用复数；the number of +复数名词做主语，谓语动词用单数。A number of famous people were invited to party.许多名人都被邀请参加这个聚会。The number of the students is over eight hundred. 我们学校的学生数超过 800人。17. 当 kind of, pair of, glass of 等表示确定数量的名词短语修饰主语时，谓语与 kind, pair, glass 等一致。This pair of shoes is Toms. 这双鞋是

11、汤姆的。There are two glasses of water on the table. 桌上有两杯水。18. the+形容词表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式，表示抽象概念时，用单数形式。The poor are very happy, but the rich are sad. 穷人很快乐，富人却过得不快乐。 The beautiful lives forever. 美是永存的。19. 以 here，there 开关的句子，若主语在两个或两个以上，谓语动词通常与临近的主语一致。There is a book and three pens on the desk. 桌子上有一本书，三只

12、钢笔。Here are some books and paper for you. 这是给你的书和纸。三、 初中英语“主谓一致”难点误区：误区一 误认主语1. 倒装句 Between the two buildings are a big tree. （）Between the two buildings is a big tree. （）【解析】 第句谓语动词使用 are，错误地认为 the two buildings 是该句的主语，但实际上是介词 between 的宾语，一起构成介词短语，而介词短语不能充当主语。该句是一个倒装句，真正主语是 a big tree。因此第句正确。特别提醒：倒

13、装句的常见结构：副词/介词短语+谓语+主语2. 主语之后带有介词短语 The fruit like apples, oranges are good for our health. （） The fruit like apples, oranges is good for our health. （）【解析】 第句误认为 apples , oranges 是主语，因此谓语动词用 are，而实际上 the fruit 才是该句的主语，like apples , oranges 是介词短语作后置定语修饰 the fruit。该句译为“像苹 果、桔子之类的水果对我们的身体是有好处的”。因此第句是正确

14、的。类似的结构有：主语+with / like / except / but / together with / as well as . . . ， 谓语动词应与主语一致，而与介词短语之后的名词无关。3. one of . . . + 名词复数或复数代词There are twenty boys in our class. One of the boys are from Canada. （There are twenty boys in our class. One of the boys is from Canada. （）【解析】 one of the boys 的中心词是 one，因此谓语动词用单数，造成第句错误的原因主要是把 the boys 当成了该句的主语。4. 定语从句 I like the photos which was taken in Beijing. （I like the photos which were taken in Beijing. （）【解析】 which were taken in Beijing 是一个定语从句，用于修饰先行词 the photos，而 which 本身就代替先行词 the photos。因此谓语动词要用复数，造成第句错误的原因是没有弄清楚关系词 which 的实质，只是从形式上看它是单数。定语从句