初中英语语法过去完成时Word下载.docx

1、助动词had+过去分词。had在句中没有人称和数的变化。如：My father had left before I came here.My parents had begun to work by the time I got up.2.过去完成时的用法（1）表示在过去某时刻或在过去另一动作之前所完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。She had learned English before she came to English.I asked him if he had ever seen a whale blowing.注意：与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：by the end of last

2、 week到上周为止，since he left自他离开以来，by that time到那时为止，before that year那年之前，long before很久以前，before I arrive在我到达之前，when I arrived在我到达时（2）表示过去某一时间以前开始一直延续到那个时间并可能继续下去的动作或状态，常与for或since引导的表示时间的短语或从句连用。 He had studied English for five years when he went to the middle school. He had been ill for a week when he

3、 was sent to the hospital.（3）过去完成时还经常用于主句为过去时的宾语从句中。在宾语从句中，主句用了一般过去时，从句表示完成用过去完成时。 He said he had been a soldier.They said they had seen the film.（4）表示过去未曾实现的希望或计划用过去完成时。 I had hoped to pass the examination.（可是未通过） She had thought of paying us a visit，but the bad weather made her change her plan.常用于

4、此种用法的动词有：hope，expect，suppose，think，want，plan，imagine等。3.过去完成时与一般过去时的区别一般过去时和过去完成时都表示动作发生在过去。一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态，而过去完成时则表示过去某一时间以前，即过去的过去发生的动作或存在的状态。但有时某个动作虽然发生在“过去的过去”，但也可用一般过去时。（1）当几个过去打动作用and，then，but等连接。且按照动作发生的先后顺序表达时，几个动作均可用一般过去时，而不用过去完成时。 I bought a radio but lost it. Very soon she apologiz

5、ed and left. He retired and wrote his memoirs. He stood up，took his coat and went out.（2）由after，before，as soon as等连词引导时间状语从句，由于这些连词已经清楚地表明了主从句谓语动词的先后顺序，所以对于先发生的动作也可用一般过去时表示。 I told them the news after you （had） left. As soon as I （had） put the phone down it rang again.（3）在一定的语境中，表示过去未曾实现的想法或打算的过去完成时

6、也可用一般过去时来表示。 He hoped to come with us，but he was too busy. I thought I could go，but I cant.（2） 若没有明确的语境，通常用过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的想法，否则可能有歧义。 I hope to pass the examination.（只表明过去想通过考试，但并未说明通过与否。） I had hoped to pass the examination.（表示过去想通过考试，但实际上未通过。在叙述历史事件时，不用过去完成时，只用一般过去时。Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.