1、 一般将来时will workto morrow 过去将来时said he would workthe next day现在进行时is workingnow过去进行时was workingat that time现在完成时has workedfor two hours过去完成时had workedfor two hours by then现在完成进行时has been working heresince 10 years ago时态往往和其时间状语有着密切的联系。现就常用9种时态及其常用时间状语等问题分别简介于下:1.一般现在时一般现在时用来表示:a. 客观事实和普遍真理;b. 习惯性的、反复
2、出现的动作或状态;c. 主语现有的特征。常与下列时间状语连用:(1)always, often, usually, sometimes, seldom, ever, never等。如:It never snows in Australia in December.澳大利亚的十二月里从来不下雪。(2)once a year, twice a day, every day, every month, every other day(每隔一天),every two days(每隔两天)等。I hear from her every other week.我每隔一周收到她的来信。(3)有时可与表示未来
3、的时间状语连用,表达按一定规定、计划或安排要发生的情况,此类状语有:at 11:30, tomorrow, tonight, now等。Where do we go now?我们现在到哪儿去?2.现在进行时现在进行时表示说话时或目前阶段正在进行的动作。now, this month, today, at 7:30 等。Its raining now.现在正在下雨。Hes looking after his brother today.他今天在照看弟弟。现在进行时多数情况下没有具体的时间状语,一般通过上下文显示动作正在进行。Who are you waiting for?你在等谁?They ar
4、e listening to an English talk.他们在听一个英语报告。3.一般过去时一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或状态。用于一般过去时的时间状语有:(1)then, at that time, at that moment, just now, just then, recently等。Tom was here just now.汤姆刚才在这儿。(2)yesterday, yesterday morning(afternoon, evening), last night, last week(month, year, Sunday, January)等。I wasnt last
5、night.昨天晚上我不在家。(3)during the war, a few days(months, years) ago等。I went to the town a few days ago.几天前我去了城里一趟。(4)由when, while, before, after, whenever等引导的表示过去时间的状语从句。When he came back, he found a note on his desk.当他回来时,看见书桌上有一张字条。(5) “in(on或at)+一个过去的时间”,如in 1976, on the evening of May 4th, at 9:00等。
6、She was born in 1968.她出生于1968年。4.一般将来时一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常与表示将来时间的状语连用。(1) tomorrow, today, tonight;(2) next spring, next month;(3) during the holidays, during this term;(4) at 12:30;(5) by then, by Sunday;(6) first, next;(7) when I grow up等。Who is going to speak first?谁先发言?He is going to be a doc
7、tor when he grows up.他长大以后要当医生。5.过去将来时过去将来时指的是立足于过去某时,从过去的观点看将来发生的动作。常用的时间状语有:(1) the next day, that day(night);(2) the following week;(3) last week;(4) at 11:50;(5) by then;(7) when he grew up, after is stopped raining等。We were going to have a football match that day, but it rained.那天我们准备进行一场足球赛,但下
8、雨了。6.过去进行时过去进行时表示过去某一时刻(候)正在进行的动作。常用的时间状语有:(1) at 8:00 last night, this time yesterday;(2) when I saw him, while I was reading a novel;(3) last year, yesterday morning;(4) from seven to nine等。What were you doing at ten yesterday?昨天十点钟你在干什么?They were watching TV when I got there.我到那儿时他们在看电视。7.现在完成时现在
9、完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的结果或影响,也可指过去开始延续到现在的动作或状态。(1) now, today, tonight, this week(year)等。I have had a clock now.我现在有一个闹钟了。(2)yet, already, just, recently等。Have you already posted the photos?你把照片寄走了吗?(3)由since引导的时间状语或时间状语从句。Great changes have taken place in my hometown since liberation.解放以来,我的家乡发生了巨大的变
10、化。(4)由for构成的表示一段时间的状语。He has been away from Beijing for two months.他已离开北京两个月了。8.过去完成时过去完成时表示过去某一动作或时间以前已发生或完成的动作,也可指从过去某时开始到过去另一时为止的动作或状态,即“过去的过去”。 (1)before he came here, when I got there.等。The meeting had begun when we got there.我们到那儿时,会议已经开始了。(2) by last month, by the end of last year(June)等。We h
11、ad learned about 1,200 English words by the end of last term.到上学期期末为止,我们已学习了大约1,200个英语单词。9.现在完成进行时1. 定义 现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间开始,一直延续到现在,可能还要继续下去。2. 现在完成进行时的构成现在完成进行时是由“have/has+been+动词的现在分词”构成3. 现在完成进行时的基本句型 肯定式疑问式简略回答I have been working.Have you been working?Yes, I/we have.No, I/we havent.He/She/It ha
12、s been working.Has he/she/it been working?Yes, he/she/it has.No, he/she/it hasnWe/You/They have been working.Have they been working?Yes, they have.No, they haven注: 现在完成进行时基本上没有否定结构4 现在完成时的语法作用 (1)在强调指出动作还未结束,还要继续下去。Ive been reading this book for two hours, but I havent finished it. 这本书我已读了两个小时了,但我还没
13、读完。ve read this book.我已读完这本书了。(2)强调动作延续时间的长久或带感情色彩。She has always been working like that.她一贯是这样工作的。(3)动作不包含持续意义的动作,要表示延续到现在的动作,要用现在完成进行时。Theyve been building a ship.(在进行)他们一直在造一艘船。(4)现在完成进行时也可表示现在以前这段时间反复发生的事情。Weve been seeing quite a lot of each other recently.最近我们经常见面。三、几种常用时态的用法比较1一般现在时与现在进行时的用法比
14、较(1)一般现在时用以说明客观事实或情况,或用于强调动作的永久性、经常性或反复性。而现在进行时强调动作正在进行,因此它不仅表示动作是暂时的(即动作的持续时间是有限的),而且这种动作常含有未完成性。试比较:The old man writes childrens stories.那位老人是写儿童小说的。(说明客观事实)The old man is now writing a story.那位老人现在正在编写一个故事。(描述正在进行的动作)She is kind.她很善良。(指她一贯心地善良)She is being kind.她现在显得很善良。(表示暂时性,平时她并不善良)John types his own letters.约翰自己用打字机打信。(说明经常性)John is typing his own letters today.约翰今天自己正在用打字机打信。(表示暂时性、未完成)(2)有些动词,如like, hate, want, believe, guess,
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