1、包括事件、人物、时间、地点、原因和结果等。 (5)洞悉写作目的。只有心中有了目的,在情节选择和细节描写上才会作出合理的安排。明晰了写作目的,就能抓住文章的主题。2夹叙夹议文该类题目的特点是:作者先叙述一个事件,然后提出自己的见解或揭示蕴含的哲理,或是作者边叙述边议论,揭示社会现象等。文章的显著特点是首句可能在传达一个事件信息或透视一种社会现象,而后对此进行高层次评价,或由此引发一种深层次思考,具有记叙与议论的双重性,文情并茂,发人深思。解题时,应借助上下文乃至全文的语境揣摩作者的心境,及其对各个角色、各个事件的态度。在答题过程中,要理清文章的脉络与结构,把作者叙述的故事和要表达的观点结合起来分
2、析,并且要把握好关联词语,还要把握语气、动作等细节的描写,从而与作者达到共鸣。3议论文议论文通过剖析事物来论述道理、提出主张、发表见解等。这种文体一般由三个要素组成:论点、论据、论证。要做好议论文类的完形填空最重要的是抓住作者的论点。不同的议论文论点的提出方式往往不同,大体有以下三种情况:(1)开门见山式。提出论点引用具体的论据总结全文。(2)导入式。叙述生活中的一件具体的事情或描述生活中的现象针对问题,提出论点用论据说明论点。(3)结尾式。列举生活现象分析具体现象得出结论。对于纯议论形式的完形填空,要在掌握全文主旨的情况下,抓好每段的主旨句。抓住了每段的主旨句也就把握了文章的脉络,理解文章就
3、容易了。4说明文说明文一般语言简练,按照一定的规律介绍事物的类别、性质、特点、构造、成因、关系等。常见的说明文有人物介绍、产品说明、解说词、实验报告、习俗介绍、节日介绍等。说明文的文章多用现在时态,语言平实、准确;常采用客观描述;文章主题明确,层次分明。在解答说明类完形填空时注意下面的解题技巧:(1)明确说明对象,理清段落联系:通读全文,明确作者是针对哪一个说明对象从不同的角度和侧面对其加以说明的。在阅读过程中要概括、总结每一段说明的侧重点,理清各段之间的逻辑联系,加深对说明对象的理解。(2)弄清说明顺序,把握作者态度:在说明的过程中作者会选择合理的说明顺序对说明对象进行有条不紊的解说。把握了
4、说明顺序,就能准确把握文章的脉络,加深对整篇文章的理解。常见的说明顺序有时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序(如因果关系、先主后次等)和认识顺序(如由此及彼、由浅入深、由局部到整体、由现象到本质、由具体到抽象等)。另外,在理清作者思路的基础上,还要注意反映作者态度的关键词或关键句,把握作者的写作情感和意思。点津无论哪个体裁的文章,考生都应先通读全文、掌握大意,然后多种解题方法并用,即往往是多种方法解一种题,而不是一种方法对应一种题。记叙文(xx天津)At my heaviest I weighed 370 pounds.I had a very poor relationship with food:
5、I used it to 16 bad feelings,to make myself feel better,and to celebrate.Worried about my health,I tried many different kinds of 17 but nothing worked.I came to believe that I could do nothing about my 18 .When I was 50,my weight problem began to affect me 19 .I didnt want to live the rest of my lif
6、e with this 20 weight any more.That year,I 21 a seminar where we were asked to create a project that would touch the world.A seminar leader shared her 22 storyshe had not only lost 125 pounds,but also raised 25,000 for homeless children. 23 by her story,I created the As We Heal(痊愈),the World Heals 2
7、4 .My goal was to lose 150 pounds in one year and raise 50,000 25 a movement founded 30 years ago to end hunger.This bination of healing myself and healing the world 26 me as the perfect solution. 27 I began my own personal weight program,I was filled with the fear that I would 28 the same difficult
8、ies that beat me before.While the 29 hung over my head,there were also signs that I was headed down the right 30 .I sent letters to everyone I knew,telling them about my project.It worked perfectly.Donations began 31 in from hundreds of people.Of course,I also took some practical steps to lose weigh
9、t.I consulted with a physician(内科医生),I hired a fitness coach,and I began to eat small and 32 meals.My fund-raising focus also gave me new motivation to exercise 33 .A year later,I 34 my goal:I lost 150 pounds and raised 50,000!I feel that Ive been given a second life to devote to something that is 3
10、5 and enormous.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。作者主要讲述了自己深受体重的困扰,后来决心改变自己,通过创办一个项目,在使自己的体重降下来的同时,还募集了很多资金,帮助了别人。16A.add BmixCkill Dshare答案C解析可用巧用上下文解答该题。根据下文中的“to make myself feel better”可知,此处应填kill,表示“用这种方式来消除负面情绪(kill bad feelings)”。add增加;mix混合;kill终止,结束;share分享。17A.diets BdrinksCfruits Ddishes答案A根据上文提到的“weighed 370
11、pounds”以及food,health可知,此处是说“我尝试了很多不同的节食方法”。diet节食;drink饮料;fruit水果;dish菜肴。18A.height BabilityCwisdom Dweight答案D上文提到尝试了很多不同的节食方法,下文接着提到weight problem,所以此处表示“我对自己的体重束手无策”。height身高;ability能力;wisdom智慧;weight体重。19A.temporarily BrecentlyCseriously Dsecretly根据后句“I didnt want to live the rest of my life.”可知,
12、体重问题开始严重地影响了“我”。temporarily暂时地;recently最近;seriously严重地;secretly秘密地。20A.ideal BextraCnormal Dlow答案B解析可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。上文提到“我不想度过我的余生”,所以此处应填extra,表示“带着这些额外的体重”。ideal理想的;extra额外的;normal正常的;low低的。21A.attended BorganizedCremended Dmentioned根据下文中的“we were asked to”可知,此处应是“我参加了一个培训会”。attend参加;organize组织;
13、remend推荐;mention提及。22A.folk BsuccessCadventure Dscience根据下文中的“she had not only lost 125 pounds,but also raised 25,000”可知,分享的应是一个成功故事。folk民间音乐;success成功;adventure冒险;science科学。23A.Surprised BAmusedCInfluenced DDisturbed根据上下文可知,受一位培训会领导者成功故事的影响,作者创办了一个项目。surprise使惊讶;amuse逗笑;influence影响;disturb打扰。24A.pr
14、oject BbusinessCsystem Dcustom根据上文中的“we were asked to create a project”可知,此处应填project。project项目;business生意;system系统;custom风俗。25A.in search of Bin need ofCin place of Din support of解析可用巧用上下文、固定搭配法解答该题。募集5万美元来支持一个30年前成立的旨在消除饥饿的运动。in search of寻找;in need of需要;in place of代替;in support of支持。 26A.scared BconsideredCconfused Dstruck解析可用巧用上下文
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