1、sooth = truth morn = morningtroth = pledge ere = beforequoth = said hallowed = holy billow = wave/ the sea bade = bid12.DenizensAliensTranslation loansSemantic loanskettleconfrerechopstickdreamdiepro patriatyphoonwallWunderkindblack humourskirtmikadolong time no seehusbandparvenu【Chapter 2】Ex.1The I
2、ndo-European Language Family is one of the most important language families in the world. It is made up of most of the languages of Europe, the Near East and India. English belongs to this family and the other members of the Indo-European have more or less influence on English vocabulary. A knowledg
3、e of the Indo-European Language Family will help us understand English words better and use them more appropriately.2. Indo-European Language Family Balto-Slavic Indo-Iranian Celtic Italian Hellenic GermanicRoumanian Hindi Breton Spanish Greek English Lithuanian Persian Scottish French SwedishPrussi
4、an Irish Italian GermanPolish Portuguese NorweigianSlavenian IcelandicRussian DanishBulgarian Dutch6.When in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bonds which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth separate an
5、d equal station to which the laws of nature and of natures God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.Most of the content words are either of Greek or Latin origin. What are left are mostly functional
6、words. This shows that Greek and Latin play a very important part in the English vocabulary.8. eventful Latin + English hydroplane Greek + Latin falsehood Latin + English pacifist Latin + Greek saxophone German + Greekheirloom French + Englishjoss house Portuguese + English television Greek + Latin9
7、.amateur (late)finac (late)empire (early)peace (E)courage (E)garage (L)judgement (E)chair (E)chaise (L)grace (E) servant (E) routine (L) jealous (E) savat (L) genre (L)gender (E) dbut (L) morale (L)state (E) chez (L) ballet (L)11.allegro, f 轻快andante, j 行板diminuendo, g 渐弱largo, d 缓慢pianoforte, a 轻转慢
8、alto, i 女低音crescendo, b 渐强forte, e 强piano, h 轻soprano, c 女高音cherub (Hebrew) snorkel (G)coolie (Hindi) tulip (Turk)lasso (Sp) wok (Ch)shampoo (Indian) chocolate (Mex)tepee (Am Ind) jubilee (Gr)kibitz (G) Sabbath (Heb) chipmunk (Am Ind) tamale (Mex) cotton (Arab) voodoo (Afr)loot (Hindi) sauerbraten (
9、G)13.a. alligator b. lococ. rodeo d. bonanzae. igloo f. blitzkriegg. wigwam h. canoei. hurricane j. boomerangk. Ponchos【Chapter 3】1. a. morpheme b. allomorphc. bound morpheme d. free morphemee. affix f. informational affixg. derivational affix h. rooti. stem j. base3. individualisticindividualist +
10、ic stem, base individual + ist stem, base individu + al stem, basein + dividu root, stem, baseundesirablesun + desirable stem, base desir + able root, stem, basefree morpheme = free rootmorpheme bound rootbound morpheme inflectional affix affix prefixderivational affixsuffix【Chapter 4】Affixation5. n
11、on-smokerincapableimpracticaldisobeyinsecurityirrelevantimmatureinability/disabilityunofficiallyunwillingnessillegaldisagreementillogical non-athleticdisloyalinconvenient6. hardenhorrifymodernizememorizefalsifyapologizedeepenglorifysterilizelengthen fattenintensify sympathizebeautifya. apologizedb.
12、beautifyc. lengtheningd. sympathizedg. memorizinge. fattenh. Sterilizef. falsify7. a.employeeb.politicianc.participantd.g.waitresspianiste.h.conductorexaminee/examinerf.teacher8.trans- = across: transcontinental, trans-world mono- = one: monorail, monoculturesuper- = over, above: superstructure, sup
13、ernatural auto- = self: autobiography, automobilesub- = bad, badly: malpractice, malnutrition mini- = little, small: minicrisis, miniwarpre- = before: prehistorical, preelection ex- = former: ex-teacher, ex-filmerCompoundingheartbeat S + V brainwashing V + O movie-goer place + V baking powder V +adv
14、 far- reaching V + Adv dog-tired adv + alion-hearted adv + a love-sick adv + aboyfriend S + complement peace-loving V +O snap decision V + O easy chair a + non-coming V +adv tax-free adv +alight-blue a + a goings-on V +adv4. well-bred/well-behaved culture-bound/homebound needle work/homework praiseworthy/respectworthy bar-woman/sportswoman nation-wide/college-wide clear-minded
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