国际贸易中的劳工权利保护探讨硕士学位论文.docx

1、国际贸易中的劳工权利保护探讨硕士学位论文国际贸易中的劳工权利保护探讨摘要：国际范围内保护劳工的立法起始于英国，劳工权利保护最初也只是一国的内部事务。随着各国间交往的频繁，劳动力成本对国际贸易的影响增强，劳工标准和劳工权利保护因而也从国内走向国际，成为世界范围内需要协调的问题。以美国和欧盟为首的发达国家企图在世界范围内建立统一的劳工标准，大量依赖廉价劳动力优势的发展中国家则积极反对，认为将贸易与劳工标准挂钩是发达国家实施贸易保护主义的借口。理论界也对是否将国际贸易与劳工权利保护挂钩存在争议。不论这一问题如何受到争议，现实的情形是以美国和欧盟为首的发达国家已通过单边贸易措施、双边和区域贸易系协定将

2、贸易与劳工权利保护联系了起来，并积极努力试图将劳工权利保护纳入世界贸易组织体制，对达不到劳工标准的国家实施贸易制裁，通过贸易措施要求其他国家提高对劳工权利的保护。笔者认为，首先，基本劳工权利是一个人权问题，应对基本劳工权利予以保护。其次，劳工权利保护从国内走向国际的一个重要原因就是基于公平贸易的需要，因此劳工权利保护不是单纯的国内问题，而是全球性的问题。再次，随着经济全球化的发展和国际之间贸易联系的日益紧密，将贸易与劳工权利保护联系起来有其理论基础和现实意义。最后，劳工权利保护纳入世界贸易组织体制是一个必然趋势，中国应正确看待国际劳工标准以及将国际贸易与劳工权利保护联系的趋势，采取有效措施积极

3、面对。本文主要分五章来对这一问题进行阐述：第一章首先介绍了劳工权利的基本概念和内容，分析了劳工权利保护与国际贸易的历史沿革，两者联系起来的背景及相互影响。第二章阐述了将国际贸易与劳工权利保护联系起来的理论论争，分别介绍了支持及反对的主流观点。并对这些观点发表了自己的一些看法，在分析的基础上得出将两者联系起来的重要意义。第三章介绍了将国际贸易与劳工权利保护联系起来的具体模式，即单边贸易协定、双边贸易协定和区域贸易协定中对国际贸易与劳工权利保护的具体规定。第四章阐述了国际组织关于国际贸易与劳工权利保护问题的态度和规定，即联合国、国际劳工组织、非政府组织以及世界贸易组织关于该问题的态度和相关规定。第

4、五章在前文分析的基础上得出将劳工权利保护纳入世界贸易组织是必然的发展趋势，并具体阐述了其必然性和指导原则，以及相关的制度安排。同时对中国关于该问题的应对提出了自己的一些建议。当然，受笔者能力的限制，对相关问题的分析肯定有很多欠缺之处。文章列举了很多关于贸易与劳工权利保护挂钩的理论争议，以及贸易协定和国际组织对该问题的具体规定，但由于笔者英语能力的欠缺，对相关规定的具体案例找到的很少。笔者只是希望通过对该问题的具体阐述和分析，能起到抛砖引玉的效果，争取在日后的理论和实践上对该问题的发展趋势有一个清晰的认识，尤其是希望对我国关于该问题的具体应对起到一些作用。关键词：国际贸易 劳工权利 劳工标准 贸

5、易措施Analysis of Labor Rights Protection in International TradeAbstract: The UK is the first country to establish law to protect labor rights. And the protection of labor rights is just something domestic. With the increasing communication and exchanges of countries, the labor forces play a very impor

6、tant role in international trade. Meanwhile, labor standards and the protection of labor rights have become a hot issue in the world. Many developed countries and organizations, such as American and EU, try to establish a unified labor standard. However, many developing countries are against this, b

7、ecause they consider it as an excuse for trade protectionism. There are also disputes in theory fields about whether the international trade has something to do with the protectionism of labor rights. No matter how furious the disputes are, American and EU have already passed unilateral trade measur

8、es, bilateral and regional trade agreement to connect trade with protection of labor rights, and they are trying their best to make the protection of labor rights into WTO so as to implement trade sanction to those countries that cannot meet the labor standard.In my opinion, firstly, the basic labor

9、 rights belong to human rights, and it should be protected. Secondly, a very important reason that the protection of labor rights goes global is the need of a fair trade atmosphere. Therefore, it is an international problem. Thirdly, with the surging of economic globalization and the increasing ties

10、 between countries, it is of great significance to connect trade with protection of labor rights. And lastly, it is a trend to absorb protection of labor rights into WTO. So China should take effective measures to deal with it.This article is divided into five chapters:Chapter One introduces the bas

11、ic concepts of labor rights and content, analysis of protection of labor rights and the history of international trade, and the relationship between international trade and protection of labor rights.Chapter Two introduces the disputes of connecting international trade and protection of labor rights

12、, and my opinions on these disputes.Chapter Three describes the specific model of connecting protection of labor rights with international trade- the specific provisions of them in unilateral, bilateral and regional trade agreements.Chapter Four introduces the attitudes the international organizatio

13、ns (UN, ILO, NGOs) hold on international trade and protection of labor rights.Chapter Five: I get a conclusion that it is a trend to absorb protection of labor rights into WTO, and explain the necessity, guiding principles, institutional arrangement as well as some suggestion for China to deal with

14、this problem.Of course, limited by the ability of the author, the relevant analysis of the problem certainly has a lot of defects. This article cited a lot of theoretic disputes about protection of labor rights and trade, and the specific provisions international organizations has put forward in tra

15、de agreements. However, due to the limitation of my energy, there are few cases found on these provisions. I hope that through the elaboration and analysis of specific issues, the readers can have a better understanding of this problem. And I hope it will play a certain role in Chinas coping with th

16、ese problems.Keywords: international trade labor rights labor standards trade measures学位论文原创性声明本人郑重声明：所呈交的论文是本人在导师的指导下独立进行研究所取得的研究成果。除了文中特别加以标注引用的内容外，本论文不包含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写的成果作品。对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体，均已在文中以明确方式标明。本人完全意识到本声明的法律后果由本人承担。作者签名： 日期： 年 月 日学位论文版权使用授权书本学位论文作者完全了解学校有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意学校保留并向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和电子版，允许论文被查阅和借阅。本人授权 大学可以将本学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索，可以采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编本学位论文。涉密论文按学校规定处理。作者签名： 日期： 年 月