热能与动力工程专业英语Word文档下载推荐.docx

1、Boiler 锅炉Boundary layer 边界层Carnot Cycle 卡诺循环Cartesian coordinates 笛卡尔坐标系Celsius Degree 摄氏度Compact heat exchanger 紧凑式换热 器Composition 成分，合成物Compressed liquid 压缩液体Compressibility 可压缩性,压缩率Condensation 凝结Condenser冷凝器Conduction 导热Control volume 控制体热科学基础Corrugated fin 波状散热片Cross product 矢量积Denominator 分母De

2、veloped flow 充分发展流Diffusion 扩散Doppler effect 多普勒效应Double-pipe heat exchanger 套管式换热器Dry saturated vapor T 饱与蒸汽Electrode 电极Electrolyte 电:,电：液Electrostatic 静电的Emissivity 发射率Equilibrium 平衡Fluid mechanics 流体力学Forced convection 强制对流Free convection 自然对流Friction loss 摩擦损失Glass ceramic 微晶玻璃，玻璃陶瓷Heat engine 热

3、机Heat pump 热泵Hydrofoil 水翼Hypersonic speed 高超音速Infinitesimal 无穷、的Inflating/deflating 充气 / 压缩Internal combustion engine 内燃机Isentropic 等嫡的Convection 对流Coriolis-accelaration flowmeter 科氏加速流量计Isometric 等容的Isothermal 等温的Kinematic viscosity 运动黍占度Laminar 层流Manuscript 手稿，原稿Moisture 湿度，水分Molecule （化学）分子Molten

4、 polymer 熔融聚合物Muti-disciplinary 多学科的Newtonian Fluid 牛顿流体Nominal temperature gradient 法向温度梯度Numerator （数学）分子Parallel flow 平行流动，并流Pathline 迹线Phase change 相变Plane flow 平面流,二元流Plate and flame heat exchanger板式换热器Polymer solution 胶浆Proof校样Propeller 螺旋桨,推进器PumpgQulity 十度Qusi-equilibrium 准平衡、准静态Radiation 辐射

5、Rankin Cycle 朗肯循环Regenerative heat exchanger蓄热/再生式换热器Isobaric 等压的Isolated system 孤立体系的Rough-wall tube 粗糙管Saturation 饱与Shear stress 剪切力、切应力Shell-and-tube heat exchanger 管壳式换热器Specific volume 比容Steady稳态的,定常的Stifling engine 斯特林机Strain rate 变形速度,应变率Streamline 流线Strut支撑,支柱Subcooled liquid 过冷液体Superheated

6、 vapor 过热蒸汽Surrounding 环境,夕卜界Thermal conductivity 热传导率Thermal efficiency 热效率Thermodynamics 热力学Torsional 扭力的，扭转的Trailing edge 机翼后缘、尾缘Transmitter 传送装置、发送器Turbine meter 涡轮流量计Turbulent 湍流的Ultrosonic 超声波的Uniform flow 均匀刘Vacuum真空View factor 角系数Viscous黏性的Reservoir 水库，蓄水池Reversible 可逆的Rotameter转子流量计Bi Biot

7、number 比澳数CFD计算流体力学CHF临界热流量COP制冷系数Eu欧拉数Fo富立叶数Fr弗劳德数Gr格拉晓夫数KE动能LMTDt数平均温差Cortex shedding 漩涡脱落Water faucet 水龙头,水嘴NPSH汽蚀余量NTU传热单元数Nu努谢尔特数PE势能Pr普朗特数Ra瑞利数Re 雷诺数Sc施密特数St斯坦顿数,斯特劳哈数We韦伯数1.1Fundamental of Engineering Thermodynamics1.1 工程热力学基础Thermodynamics is a science in which the storage, transformation an

8、d transfer of energy are studied 、 Energy is stored as internal energy （associated with temperature）, kinetic energy （du to motion）, potential energy （due to elevation） and chemical energy （due to chemical composition）; it is transformed from one of these forms to another; and it is transferred acro

9、ss a boundary as either heat or work 、热力学就是一门研究能量储存、 转换及传递的科学。能量以内能（与温度有关）、动能（由物体运动引起）、势能（由高度引起）与化学能（与化学组成相关）的形式储存。不同形式的能 量可以相互转化，而且能量在边界上可以以热与功的形式进行传递。In thermodynamics, we will derive equations that relate the transformations and transfers of energy to properties such as temperature, pressure and

10、density 、 Substances and their properties, thus, becomevery important in thermodynamics、Many of our equations will be based on experimental observations that have been organized into mathematical statements or laws, the first and second laws of thermodynamics are most widely used 、在热力学中，我们将推导有关能量转化与

11、传递与物性参数，如温度、压强及密 度等关系问的方程。因此，在热力学中，物质及其性质变得非常重要。许多热力学 方程都就是建立在实验观察的基础之上，而且这些实验观察的结果已被整理成数 学表达式或定律的形式。其中，热力学第一定律与第二定律应用最为广泛。1.1.1Thermodynamic system and control volume1.1.1热力系统与控制体A thermodynamic system is a fixed quantity of matter contained within some enclosure、 The surface is usually an obvious

12、one （like that surrounding the gas in the cylinder） 、However，it may be an imagined boundary （like the deforming boundary of a certain amount of mass as it flows through a pump） 、热力系统就是一包围在某一封闭边界内的具有固定质量的物质。系统边界通常就是比 较明显的（如气缸内气体的固定边界 ）。然而，系统边界也可以就是假想的 （如一定质量的流体 流经泵时不断变形的边界）。All matter and space exter

13、nal to a system is collectively called its surroundings、 Thermodynamics is concerned with the interaction of a system and its surroundings，or one system interacting with another 、 Asystem interacts with its surroundings by transferring energy across its boundary、 No material crosses the boundary of

14、a system 、 If the system does not exchange energy with the surroundings， it is an isolated system 系统之外的所有物质与空间统称外界或环境。热力学主要研究系统与外界或系统与系 统之间的相互作用。系统通过在边界上进行能量传递 ，从而与外界进行相互作用，但在边界上没有质量交换。当系统与外界间没有能量交换时 ，这样的系统称为孤立系统。In many cases，an analysis is simplified if attention is focused on a particular volume in space into which，or from which， a substance flows、 Such a volume is a control volume 、A pump，a turbine，and an inflating or deflating balloon are examples of control volume 、The surface thatcompletely surrounds the co