外刊经贸知识选读复习自考.docx

1、外刊经贸知识选读复习自考外刊经贸知识选读第一章一、术语1. 制成品manufacturedgoods2. 资本货物capitalgoods3. 国际收支balanceofpayments4. 经常项目currentaccount 5. 有形贸易项目visibletradeaccount6. 无形贸易项目invisibletradeaccount7. 贸易顺差tradesurplus 8. 贸易逆差tradedeficit 9. 易货贸易barter 10. 补偿贸易compensationtrade 11. 反向贸易counter-trade 12. 组装生产assemblymanufactu

2、ring13. 工商统一税industrialandcommercialconsolidatedtax14. 合资企业jointventure 15. 延期付款deferredpayment 16. 买方信贷buyercredit17. 卖方信贷suppliercredit18. 软贷款(低息贷款)softloan19. 最惠国待遇MFNtreatment(MostFavorednationtreatment)20. 永久性正常贸易关系PNTR(PermanentNormalTradingRelations)21. 国民收入NI(NationalIncome)22. 国民生产总值GNP(Gro

3、ssNationalProduct)23. 国内生产总值GDP(GrossDomesticProduct) 24. 国际复兴和开发银行IBRD(InternationalBankforReconstructionandDevelopment)25. 国际开发协会IDA(InternationalDevelopmentAssociation)26. 国际金融公司IFC(InternationalFinanceCorporation) 27. 经济合作和发展组织OECD(OrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment)28. 国际清算银行BIS(B

4、ankforInternationalSettlement)29. 欧洲经济共同体EEC(EuropeanEconomicCommunity)30. 欧洲联盟EU(EuropeanUnion)31. 外商直接投资FDI(ForeignDirectInvestment)32. ThespecialEconomicZone经济特区33. awell-placedsource一位高层消息灵通人士34. infrastructure 基础设施35. capitalstock实际资本36. consumergoods消费品37. preferentialtaxrate优惠税率38. cooperativ

5、eenterprise合作(经营)企业39. ETDZ(Economic&TechnicalDevelopmentZone)经济技术开发区40. entrepreneurship企业家精神41. meansofproduction生产资料42. stock-taking评估43. Allocationofresources资源配置44. macro regulationandcontrol宏观调控45. fiscalpolicies财政政策46. 15.tightmonetarypolicy紧缩的货币政策47. 16.workingcapital运营资本48. 17.basicpolicy基本

6、国策49. 18.technicaltransformation技术革新50. 二、词语释义：substantially：dramatically，significantly，considerably 显著地，相当大地subsequently ：afterwards 随后，后来exacerbate ：deteriorate，worsen；aggravate ；makeworse 恶化withdraw：cancellation 撤回，撤销theme ：principle 主题，原则inreturnfor：inexchangefordisrupt：interrupt 中断，打断destined ：

7、designed 注定的，目的是，有计划的pronounced：marked宣布，宣称inthewakeof：following；afterwith 在之后undue ：toomuch；unbearable 过度的，过分的reverse ：changetotheopposite反转，颠倒，反向，相反buoyant：brisk 活跃的outcome：result结果boost ：stimulate；promote；develop促进，提高，刺激recover：rebound 恢复facilitate ：makeeasy促进；使容易；帮助；使便利run-down：reduction减少，降低mou

8、ntexhibitions：holdexhibitions举办展览insofaras：totheextent在范围内bottlenecks：obstacles 障碍三、句子翻译1.Duringthe1950sChinaexportedagriculturalproductstotheUSSRandEastEuropeancountriesinreturnformanufacturedgoodsandthecapitalequipmentrequiredforthecountrysindustrializationprogrammewhichplacedemphasisonthedevelopm

9、entofheavyindustry.20世纪50年代，中国向前苏联和东欧各国出口农产品以换取制成品和国家的工业化计划所要求的资本设备，而国家的工业化计划则强调重工业的发展。2.ThegrowthofforeigntradewasdistruptedagainduringtheCulturalRevolutionwhenagriculturalandindustrialproductionfellsharplyandtransportationconstraintsbecamemoreserious.在文化大革命期间，外贸的增长又一次被打断了。当时农业和工业生产急剧下降，运输管制变的更严重。3

10、.ExportsgrewmuchfasterthanimportsduringthisperiodnotonlybecauseofthestrongemphasisplacedonexportingbyChinaseconomicplanners，butalsobecauseanumberofindustrialprojectswerepostponedin1979.OfficialrecognitionthatforeigntechnologycouldplayamajorroleinmodernizingtheChineseeconomyhascausedimportstorisebymo

11、rethan50percentin1978，placingunduestrainonthenationaleconomy.在这个时期，出口增长要快于进口增长不仅是由于中国经济计划者着重强调出口，也是因为大多工业项目在1979年被推迟了。官方承认外国技术能够在中国经济的现代化化中起重大作用，这导致了1978年中国的进口增加了50%以上，从而给国民经济带来了重压。4.Chineseofficialstresstheimportanceofintroducingadvancedtechnologytodomesticindustry，buttheneedisfortechnology ofvaryi

12、ngdegreesofsophistication，notnecessarilyforadvancedtechnologyasthattermisunderstoodintheWest.中国官员强调为国内工业引进先进技术的重要性，但是需要的是各种程度不同的精尖技术，而不是像西方国家理解的先进技术。5.Therearenoofficialstatisticscoveringtheinvisibleaccountofthebalanceofpaymens，butthesizeofthevisibletradesurplusduring1981-1983andapronouncedincreasei

13、nearningsfromtourismsuggestthatthecurrentaccounthasbeeninsurplusoverthepastfewyears.没有官方的统计资料涉及无形贸易收支，但在1981-1983年期间的有形贸易顺差的大小和旅游赢利的显著增长表明了经常项目在过去几年里有盈余。6.Goodsareproducedaccordingtoasampleprovidedbythecustomer，whilestrongencouragementisgiventocompensationtradewherebyaforeignsellersuppliesrawmateria

14、lsandequipmentandreceivesmanufacturedgoods，producedby theequipmentprovided，inreturn.Compensationtradediffersfrombarterorcounter-tradeinsofarasthereisadirectlinkbetweentheequipmentsuppliedfromabroadandthemanufacturedproduct.Assemblymanufacturingbeganin1978andparticularformsofforeigntradeareeligibleforexemptionfromcustomsdutiesandtaxation.