商务管理复习资料Word格式文档下载.doc

1、Display in retail outlets零售店（supermarkets, chain stores, etc）can attract the attention of potential customers4.Marketing Marketing is the process of planning and executing the conception , pricing ,promotion and distribution of ideas, goods, and services to create exchanges that satisfy individual a

2、nd or organizational objectives.5.“AIDA” Principle in promoting a productA- Attention （the attention of potential customers is attracted）I- Interest （an interest in the product aroused）D-Desire （creating a desire for the product）A-Action （encouraging customers to take prompt 迅速的action）二填空题1.Business

3、 is the activity of providing goods and service involving financial and commercial and industrial aspects.2.Economics deal with the production, distribution and consumption of wealth .3.An economic system in which individuals（经济体制） decide how, what, and for whom to produce-thrived. 4.Planning: Setti

4、ng goals and defining the actions necessary to achieve those goals.5.Organizing: The process of determining tasks to done , which will do them, and how those tasks will be managed and coordinated.6.Leading: Motivating and directing the members of the organization so that they contribute to the achie

5、vement of the goals of organization. 7.Controlling: Monitoring the performance of the organization, identifying deviations between planed and actual results, and taking corrective action when necessary.8.Organization: A group of individuals who work together toward common goals.9.Usually the industr

6、y developing stages are divided into introduction （引入）, Growth , maturity （成熟）and decline（衰落）.10.Marketing is the process of planning and executing the conception , pricing ,promotion and distribution of ideas, goods, and services to create exchanges that satisfy individual and or organizational obj

7、ectives.11.Promotion means activities that communicate the merits （特点） of the product and persuade target customers to buy it. 12.In the balance sheet（资产负债表 ）, its revealed that the total asset（资金） of a company equals the total of liabilities （负债）and the owners equity（权益）.13.Value is a combination o

8、f customer perception （顾客的想法）of the following factors. Customer Value EquationValue is defined by the customers perception of the following factors:Product quality+Service quality+People quality+Image quality+Selling price+overall cost=Value to the customers14.National treatment （国民待遇） : Treating fo

9、reigners and locals equally.15.Globalization reflects a business orientation （方向） based on the belief that the world is becoming more homogeneous （平等的） and that distinctions （差异） between national markets are not only fading （减退）but for some products ,will eventually disappear（消失）.三简答题1. What are the

10、 ultimate goal of business? And explain some of the other goals of business .TO make a profit;Other goals : sales ,social and growth objectives.2. Function of management.1） Planning 2） Organizing 3） Leading 4） Controlling3. The major points of scientific management thinkers assumed. 1） People work b

11、ecause of fear of hunger and the search for profit. 2） People will work harder if they are paid more and pay is tied to productivity（多产） itself. Pay must be given as soon as possible after completion of the work at the end of each work shift （转变）if possible. 3） There is one best way to do the job, a

12、nd both the worker and the manager must believe in this to make the assumption （假定）effective. The one best way can be determined （确定）by objective measures; using a stop watch to measure the time elapsed （过去）and counting or weighing （考虑）the output, and through trial （尝试and error. Workers capabilities

13、（能力） and jobs must be matched as closely as possible. 4）The work to be performed is repetitive. 5） Organization goals are know. They only need to be explained to all the workers by management.4. What is vision, strategies and plans?A strategy is the articulation of the vision in terms that can be ea

14、sily understood by everyone , although still at a high level.Plans are the tactical战术的；策略的means of implementing strategy and achieving objective.5. Discuss the five forces framework about the sources of competition.1） Threat of new entry 2）Bargaining power of suppliers 3） Rivalry among exiting competitors 4） Bargaining power of buyers 5） Threat of substitute products （ The five forces framework helps identify the sources of competition in an industry or sector.When using this framework to understand competitive forces it