1、2.1 室内空气质量标准参数102.2室内空气品质监测方法112.3改善空气品质方法113.1 各模块电路的方案选择和讨论证明123.1.1 单片机模块的选取和讨论123.1.2 气体传感器选用123.1.2天然气浓度监测部分的选择和论证133.2 总体电路设计概述134 系统硬件设计154.1硬件总体结构154.2 单片机控制部分154.2.1复位电路174.2.2 时钟电路174.2.3 P0口上拉电阻电路184.3 甲醛气体监测模块设计184.3.1 RCV420电流电压转换器194.3.2 ADC0832性能描述204.3.3 换气扇控制设计214.4 天然气气体监测模块设计224.6
2、显示模块部分234.7 电源电路模块255软件设计265.1编程语言的选择265.2子程序模块265.3 AD转换模块285.4显示模块295.5声光报警模块30参考文献34附录36致谢46第 1 页 共 46 页基于单片机的室内空气质量检测系统设计设计总说明随着生活质量的提高,人们开始不断改善自己的居住环境,各种室内装饰、装修材料被大量的使用。而这些材料中有大量的甲醛,直接影响着人们的健康。甲醛也叫蚁醛,是一种有刺激性气味的易溶的无色气体,是一种潜在的致癌物质。低浓度的甲醛会导致鼻炎、咽炎、结膜炎等,随着甲醛浓度的增高,甚至会导致人类的死亡。甲醛是人们日常生活和工作环境中严重危害人体健康的气
3、体,它主要存在于人们室内装修材料中,并且会持续挥发很长时间。 在人们入住新装修好的房子后,由于室内装修木材以及油漆还有涂料中含有的以甲醛为主的有害人体健康的气体在不断的挥发到室内,如果挥发浓度达到一定值时就会对人的健康产生一定的损害。生活在一个甲醛浓度超标的环境中,人们会出现不同程度的恶心,头晕,失眠等症状影响人们的健康。甲醛它对人们的神经干扰使人们产生一系列的病状反应。在这种环境下,室内甲醛浓度测定仪对我们的生活就显得格外有重要和必要。室内甲醛浓度测定仪它能够对室内甲醛浓度进行检测并且驱动相应的改善控制质量的设备来达到改善室内环境的要求。在人们对生活品质要求提高,更加注重身体健康的今天,人们
4、对家具建材以及各种装修室内材料的要求也提高了很多,人们一是到了甲醛对身体的影响是多么的大。所以人们去找出甲醛的主要来源,首先从根源上尽量减少甲醛在室内环境中出现的可能,然后再通过在室内安装甲醛浓度测量仪和通风设备来改善环境,增加人们的健康指数。人们这种不止追求舒适和视觉上的享受而且注重内在品质的生活态度为甲醛测定系统的发展提供了主要动力。空气中装修材料含有的甲醛等有害气体危害人的健康,癌症的高发可以说很多都和空气质量有关。现代人们重视装修,但是却很少有人在装修之后对自己的室内进行检测,所以要求学生设计一个室内空气质量的检测系统,为及时了解和改善室内空气质量提供依据和可能性。也使人们为重视室内空
5、气质量而做出自己的努力。以空气中装修材料甲醛等有害气体为被测对象。采用单片机为控制中心,完成对空气浓度的实时采集处理、报警和显示等功能。设计的报警系统,能够实现在浓度超标时及时的报警。 本文提出一种通用的室内甲醛气体实时检测系统,该系统具有实时检测、操作简单、实用等特点。本文设计了一种基于单片机的甲醛浓度实时检测系统。该系统以 AT89C52 单片机为核心,选用专用的 CH20S10 甲醛传感器检测甲醛浓度。甲醛气体经甲醛传感器后,得到相应的电压信号,再经电路放大转换成标准电压信号,输入模/数转换器 ADC0832,经单片机进行相应的数据处理,得到的数字信号送入 LED 显示器,把相应的气体浓
6、度值显示出来。该系统可以达到实时检测甲醛气体浓度的目的。 该系统以AT89C52单片机为核心,由甲醛传感器CH20S10检测甲醛气体的浓度,室内微量的甲醛气体经甲醛传感器检测后得到与甲醛浓度相对应的电流信号,通过I/U转换器得到相应的电压信号,送到模/数转换器ADC0832转换器的输入端,将模拟信号转换成数字信号,再将数字信号送到AT89C52的输入端。由AT89C52控制数据的采集处理,转换得到的数字信号送入LED显示器,把相应的甲醛浓度值显示出来。该系统包括甲醛传感器、模/数转换器、单片机、LED显示器,具体实现功能如下:(1) 甲醛传感器模块:传感器检测性能的好坏影响整个系统的精确度与可
7、靠性。(2) 模/数转换器模块:在设计中模数转换模块起到桥梁的作用,连接着模拟信号与数字信号之间的转换。(3) 单片机模块:本系统采用单片机为控制核心。(4) 显示模块:由于该设计中显示的甲醛含量属于较简单的字符,可以考虑使用数码管,数码管具有功耗低、体积小、显示内容齐全等特点,在显示内容简单且需要考虑经济因素时,大多采用数码管。这正好符合我们这次设计的要求。本次设计以空气中装修材料甲醛等有害气体为被测对象。关键词:AT89C52;空气质量;LED显示;报警系统Design of indoor air quality inspection system based on single chip
8、 microcomputerInstruction With the improvement of quality of life, people began to constantly improve their own living environment, all kinds of interior decoration, decoration materials is widely used. And there are large amounts of formaldehyde in these materials, a direct impact on peoples health
9、. Also called formaldehyde, formaldehyde is a colorless, stimulating odour of soluble gas, is a kind of potential carcinogens. Low concentration of formaldehyde can cause rhinitis, pharyngitis, conjunctivitis, such as increased as the concentration of formaldehyde, even lead to the death of human be
10、ings. Formaldehyde is the Peoples Daily life and cause serious damage to human body health of gas in the working environment, it mainly exists in people in interior decoration materials, and will continue to volatilize for a long time. After people in new decorated house, because indoor decorate woo
11、d and paint and coatings contain mainly formaldehyde gas harmful to human health is constantly to evaporate into the indoor, if volatile concentration reaches a certain value will produce certain harm to the health of people. Living in a formaldehyde chroma of environment, people will have different
12、 degrees of nausea, dizziness, the symptom such as insomnia affects peoples health. Formaldehyde it on peoples nerve interference has a series of symptoms. In this environment, the indoor formaldehyde concentration meter is especially to our life is important and necessary. The indoor formaldehyde c
13、oncentration meter it can carry on the detection of indoor formaldehyde concentration and drive the improvement of the corresponding control equipment to meet the needs of improving indoor environment quality. In peoples life quality requirements improve, pay more attention to body health today, the
14、 furniture building materials as well as a variety of indoor decorate material requirements also increased a lot, one is to the influence of formaldehyde on the body how big it is. So people to find out the main source of formaldehyde, first of all, from the source to minimize the possibility of for
15、maldehyde in the indoor environment, and then through the indoor formaldehyde concentration measuring instrument and ventilation equipment installed to improve the environment, to increase peoples health index. People this more than the pursuit of comfort and the enjoyment on the vision and focus on quality of inner life attitude to the development of formaldehyde determination system provides the main engine. Decoration materials
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