专题辅导高二英语虚拟语气用法指导Word下载.docx

1、注：主句中的should只用于第一人称，但在美国英语中，should常被would代替；从句中的should可用于各种人称。表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果。If I were you, I should（would ,could, might）tell him the truth.要是我是你，我就会告诉他真相了。（事实上我不是你）If she had time, she would（could, might）help me.如果她有时间，她就会帮我了。（事实上她没有时间）表示与过去事实相反的假设和结果。If I had known your telephone number yesterday

2、, I should （would, could, might）havetelephoned you.如果昨天我知道了你的电话号码，我就会给你打电话了。（事实上我昨天不知道你的电话号码。）If you had taken my advice, you wouldnt （couldnt） have failed in the exam.如果你听了我的建议，你就不会考试不及格。（事实上你根本没听我的。表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果。If it should rain, the crops would（could, might）be saved.假如天下雨，庄稼可能就收获了。-What woul

3、d happen if I put the paper on the fire?-It would burn.-我若把只放在火上会怎么样？-纸会烧着。在表示与将来事实可能相反的条件从句中，were to + 动词原形比较正式，常用于书面语中。如：If you were to go to Beijing, you would （could, might） have a chance to visit Tian An Men Square.虚拟语气的其它用法虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法在“It is important （strange, natural, necessary） that”这类句型中

4、，that所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用 “（should）+动词原形”结构，表示某事是“重要”，“奇怪”，“自然”，“必要”等意义。It is important that every Beijinger （should） be able to speak English.重要的是每个北京人能说英语。It is necessary that he （should） be sent to hospital at once.有必要马上把他送医院。虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法在动词wish后的宾语从句中，表示与现在或过去的事实相反，或对将来的主观愿望，从句通常省略连词that。表示对现在情况的虚拟

5、：从句动词用过去式或过去进行式（be的过去式用were ）表示。I wish I knew the answer to the question.我希望知道这个问题的答案。（可惜不知道。I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around.但愿我的家乡四季如春。（只是愿望，实际根本不可能实现。表示对过去情况的虚拟：从句动词用 had+过去分词。I wish （that） I hadnt wasted so much time.我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。（实际上已经浪费掉了。He wishes （wished） he hadnt los

6、t the chance.他真希望没有失去机会。（事实上机会已经失去了，他感到惋惜。表示对将来的主观愿望：谓语动词形式为 “would/should/could/might+动词原形”，此时要注意，主句的主语与从句的主语不能相同，因为主句的主语所期望的从句动作能否实现，取决于从句主语的态度或意愿（非动作名词除外）。I wish it would stop raining.但愿雨能停止。I wish you would be quiet.我希望你安静一些。在suggest（建议）, demand（要求）, order（命令）, propose（建议）, insist（坚持要做）, command

7、（命令）, request（要求）, desire（希望）等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用 “（should）+动词原形”，表示建议，要求，命令等。I suggest that we （should） start the meeting at once.我建议马上开会。The graduate insisted that he （should） go to work in the south.这位即将毕业的学生坚持要到南方去工作。注：当suggest表示暗示，主语为something；insist表示坚持观点时，后接的宾语从句当用真实语气。比较：His silence suggested th

8、at he agreed with my decision.他的沉默暗示着他赞成我的决定。He suggested that I （should） stick to my decision.他建议我坚持自己的决定。He insists that doing morning exercises does good to peoples health.他坚持认为做早操对健康有益。He insists that he （should） do morning exercises every day.他坚持他每天都要早操虚拟语气在表语从句中的用法当主语为advice, suggestion, order

9、, proposal等词时后接表语从句，表语从句中的谓语动词常用“（should）+动词原形”结构，表示某人建议、劝告、命令等的内容。My advice is that you should practise speaking English as often as possible.我的建议是你尽可能经常地练习说英语。The order from the commander was that the troops should set off for the front immediately.司令官的命令是部队立即开拔去前线。特殊的虚拟语气结构虚拟语气用在状语从句中由as if 或as ，

10、though引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时，从句中的谓语动词用虚拟语气。动词形式用动词的过去式（bewere）或had+过去分词。The teacher treats the student as if he were her own child.这位老师带这位学生就象她的亲生孩子一样。He speaks as if he had been to the United States.他说得好象他真的到过美国似的。在It is time （that） ; Id rather （that）句型中从句的谓语动词常用动词的过去式表示虚拟语气，意思是“该干某事了，时间已经有些晚了”“我宁愿/希望”。It

11、 is time that we did something to stop pollution.该我们做些什么制止污染的时候了。It is time that Father picked up Lily from the kindergarten.该父亲去幼儿园接莉莉的时候了。Id rather you told me the truth.我真希望你告诉我真相。Id rather I didnt see you again.我宁愿不再见着你。虚拟语气在同位语从句中的用法在名词advice, suggestion, order, proposal等后接的同位语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气，其形式

12、为 “（should）+动词原形”，说明“建议”，“劝告”，“命令”等的具体内容。The order came that the work should be finished two days ahead of time.提前两天完成工作的命令传来了。Reluctantly she accepted their proposal that she should be operated on.她勉强接受了他们要她去接受手术的建议。注意： 有时条件从句中的动作和结果与主句中的动作，发生的时间不一致，这时动作的形式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。If you had followed my advi

13、ce, you would be able to finish the work now.如果你当时听了我的话，现在就能完成这份工作了。（从句说明过去，主句说明现在。If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party.如果我是你，我就去参加她的生日晚会了。（从句说明现在，主句说明过去。If you hadnt lent me some money, I couldnt have bought the new house and most likelyI would be still living in the dangerous house now.假若你不借钱给我，我不可能买下这幢新房，很可能现在还住在危房里。（从句说明过去，主句说明过去和现在。条件从句中省去if的情况在if引导的表示虚拟的条件状语从句中，常可以省略if，将had, were或should提至句首。Had I seen the film, I would have discussed it with them last night.假如我看了那部电影，昨晚我就可以和他们一起讨论了。Were I a bird, I could fly freely.假如我是一只小鸟，我就能自由翱翔。Should