基于体育的青年发展外文文献翻译Word格式文档下载.docx

1、A community capacity building approach to sport-based youth developmentGareth Jones，Michael Edwards，etcAbstractPositive youth development （PYD） is the most popular framework guiding sport-for-development （SFD） research. To date, much of this work has focused on how sport programs are purposefully de

2、signed to promote PYD outcomes. However, the youth-context interactions that form the theoretical basis of PYD occur acrossallaspects of youth ecologies, meaning youth SFD organizations are most effective when they enhance the capacity of communities as well. Although the need to expand current yout

3、h-centred perspectives has been noted by SFD scholars, implementing this insight into practice has proven difficult. In this paper, the authors provide a conceptual advancement to the literature through three objectives. First, a theoretical basis for linking PYD and community capacity frameworks is

4、 provided. Second, specific capacity building strategies are critically explored within the context of youth SFD organizations. Third, a community capacity building approach to sport-based PYD is presented and discussed in light of key considerations.Keywords: Youth sport, Sport for development, Com

5、munity sport organizations, Community sport, Community1.IntroductionPositive youth development （PYD） is one of the most popular areas of sport-for-development （SFD） research and practice, with a recent review bySchulenkorf, Sherry, and Rowe （2016）indicating that PYD is the most common framework guid

6、ing SFD scholarship. To date, much of this work has focused on the “program delivery level” of sport, highlighting the unique aspects of SFD programs that promote PYD outcomes. However, the youth-context interactions that form the theoretical basis for PYD are not confined to program settings, and o

7、ccur across all aspects of youth ecologies （Brennan & Barnett, 2009）. As such, SFD organizations are most effective when they not only promote PYD outcomes through intentional programming, but also leverage their position within communities to enhance the broader ecological systems with which youth

8、interact （Haudenhuyse, Theeboom, & Nols, 2013）. Nevertheless, translating this theoretical insight to practice has proven difficult, with many PYD-focused organizations critiqued for attempting to “solve broad gauge problems via limited focus interventions” （Coalter, 2010a, p. 295）.Community capacit

9、y building provides a viable framework to strengthen this important nexus between theory and practice.Chaskin （2008, p. 70）defined community capacity as the “interaction of human capital, organizational resources, and social capital within a given community that can be leveraged to solve collective

10、problems and improve or maintain the well-being of a given community.” Since communities are dynamic and endowed with different resources, capacity building focuses on cultivating and strengthening the unique elements that allow them to function well. Despite a strong base of theoretical support,Sim

11、mons, Reynolds, and Swinburn （2011）indicated there is a notable gap in “reporting what community capacity building processes may look like” （p. 197）. Indeed, while general recommendations are available, successful activation depends largely on understanding how strategies may be implemented in speci

12、fic contexts （Labonte & Laverack, 2001）. Given the prominence of PYD within SFD research and practice, as well as the acknowledged need to expand current individual-oriented approaches to programming, integrating community capacity building and PYD perspectives represents an important theoretical ad

13、vancement to the current literature.This paper contributes to that objective via three steps. First, the PYD perspective is critically reviewed to establish a theoretical basis for integrating community capacity building. Second, specific capacity building strategies are examined within the context

14、of youth SFD organizations. Third, a community capacity building approach to sport-based PYD is presented and discussed within the context of macrosystem factors that shape implementation. Collectively, these components strengthen the theoretical underpinning of youth SFD organizations and maximize

15、their effectiveness to youth and communities.2.Theoretical basis2.1.Positive youth development and sportPositive youth development （PYD） emerged at the turn of the 21st century as a paradigm for adolescent research focused on positive aspects of youth development （Lerner, 2005）. Theoretically, PYD i

16、s rooted broadly in developmental systems theories that fuse biological and ecological perspectives of human development （Lerner, 2005）. In particular,Bronfenbrenner （1992）provides a useful framework for understanding the “developmental ecology” of youth. Broadly speaking, Bronfenbrenner hierarchically organized youth ecologies into multiple levels of influence, starting with themicrosystemsthat youth directly int