1、They will be able to tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告诉你消息了。He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out. = He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out.他在战争爆发之前逃离欧洲。(2) can 表示说话人的猜测(即可能性),多用于否定句和疑问句。Can it be true? 这能是真的吗?The moon cant always be at the full. 月不可能总是圆的。What can she mean? 她可
2、能是什么意思呢?(3) can 表示请求许可。Can you help me? (表示请求) This sort of thing cant go on. 这样的事不能再继续下去了。You cant smoke here. 你不可在这里吸烟。(4)“can + 完成式”表示说话人对过去情况的猜测(只用于否定和疑问结构中)。He cant have missed the way.I explained the route carefully and drew him a map.他不会迷路。我对他详细说明了路线,还画了一张地图。Can the team have left already? 球队
3、已经离开了吗?2. could 的用法(1) could 表示主语的能力,为 can 的过去时形式,如:Daisy couldnt come yesterday because she was ill.戴西昨天不能来是因为她病了。They said they could swim. 他们说他们会游泳。(2) could 表示说话人的猜测(即可能性)。He could be right. 他或许是对的。Could it be Henry? 可能是亨利吗?At that time we thought the story could not be true.那时我们认为所说的事不可能是真的。(3)
4、 could 表示请求许可。Father said I could swim in the river。Could you help me? 爸爸说我可以在河里游泳。 The man asked if he could smoke in the hall.那个人问可不可以在大厅里吸烟。- Could I have the television on? 我能看电视吗?- Yes, you can. / No, you cant. 可以/不可以。(4)“could + 完成式”用于肯定句时一般表示过去可能完成却未完成的动作。I could have reported you. 我本可以报告你的。Y
5、ou could have let me know earlier. 你本来该早一些告诉我。3. may 的用法(1) may 表示请求许可,多用于肯定句和疑问句中,否定句中不常用。May I ask you a question?我可以问你个问题吗?(比 Can I ask you a question? 更礼貌)You may keep the book for two weeks.这本书你可以借两周。(2) may 表示可能性,常用于肯定句和否定句中,指现在或将来的可能性。It may be true. 那可能是真的。The road may be blocked. 这条路可能不通了。(
6、3)“may + 完成式”表示说话人对过去情况的猜测。Eva may have missed her train. 伊娃可能误火车了。He may have read the book. 他可能读过这本书(4)表示祝愿May God bless you! 愿上帝保佑你!May you succeed.祝你成功。注:在对由 may 引出的“请求许可”的问句做出肯定回答时,通常不用过于严肃和正式的“Yes, you may.”,而多用“Yes, please?(请便)”或“Of course/ Certainly(当然可以).”;否定回答时,常用 “Please dont(请不要)”或“No, y
7、ou mustnt/cant.(不行)”4. might 的用法(1) might 表示请求许可。Might I have a word with you? 我可以同你说句话吗?Might I make a suggestion? 我可以提一项建议吗?Might we ask you a favour? 我们可以请你帮个忙吗?但要注意:Might I 比 May I 更客气,但是不如 May I 常用。(2) might 表示说话人的猜测,其把握性比 may 小。Mr Smith might be right. 史密斯先生或许是对的。He might have some fever. 他可能有
8、点发烧。(3) might 用于委婉地提出建议、责备等。You might ask him for help. 你可以请他帮忙嘛。You might ask before you borrow my car.你可以先问问我再借我的车嘛。(4)“might + 完成式”(表示说话人对过去情况的抱怨、责备、遗憾等)。You might have considered her feelings. 你本应考虑她的感受。You might have let me know earlier. 你本来该早一些告诉我。5. must 的用法(1) must 表义务或强制。I must go now. 我必须走
9、了。Soldiers must obey orders. 军人必须服从命令。Visitors must leave bags in the cloakroom.参观者须把包放到物品寄存处。must用于一般疑问句时,其肯定答语应用 Yes, please/I(you) must. 或 Im afraid so. 其否定答语应用 neednt 或 dont have to.Must I go tomorrow? 明天我必须去吗?Yes, please. 是的。No, you neednt. 不,你不必去。must 的否定式 must not/ mustnt 表示禁止。You mustnt leav
10、e here. 你不许离开这儿。Cars mustnt be parked in front of the entrance. 车不能停在入口处。(2) must 表示说话人有把握的猜测,仅限于肯定句。He must be at home now. 他现在肯定在家。You must be joking. 你一定是在开玩笑。He must be mad. 他一定是疯了。You have worked hard all day. You must be tired. 你辛苦干一整天,一定累了。(对现在情况的推测判断)(3)“must + 进行式”表示对现在情况有把握的猜测,仅限于肯定句。You m
11、ust be joking. 你一定是在开玩笑吧。(4)“must + 完成式”表示对过去情况有把握的猜测,仅限于肯定句。You must have known what he wanted.你当时肯定知道他想干什么。Emm must have been very young when she got married.埃玛结婚时一定很年轻。I didnt hear the phone. I must have been asleep.我刚才没有听到电话,我想必是睡着了(5)“must + 完成进行式”表示对过去情况有把握的猜测,仅限于肯定句。He must have been working.
12、 他肯定一直在工作。-Why didnt you answer my phone call? 为何不接我的电话?-Well, I must have been sleeping, so I didnt hear it.唉,肯定在睡觉,所以没有听见。第二章、情态动词的其他形式1. shall 的用法(1) shall 用于疑问句中,征求对方的意愿;这时主语用第一人称。Shall I turn on the light? 要开灯吗?(我把灯打开好吗?)Shall we sit here? 咱们坐这儿怎么样?(坐这儿好吗?)Shall we begin now? 我们现在开始,好吗?2. shoul
13、d 的用法(1) should 表“应该”,用于所有人称,表示常理认为是对的事或适宜做的事,通常意义为“应该”。You should be more careful next time. 你下次应该再细心些。We should always bear this in mind. 我们要把这一点常记在心里。(2)“should + 完成式”表示说话人对过去情况的抱怨、责备、后悔等。I should have taken her advice. 我本该采纳她的建议的。I shouldnt have treated her like that. 我不该那样待她来着。(3) 表示说话人对过去情况的猜测
14、。The guests should have arrived now. 客人应该已经到了。3. will 的用法(1) will 表示主语的决心或意愿。I wont argue with you. 我不愿意跟你争辩。I will do all I can. 我会尽力去做。If you want help, let me know, will you?需要帮忙就告诉我,好吗?(2) will 表示说话人的猜测,意为“大概”。That will be the book you want. 那大概是你所要的书。Ask him. He will know. 问他吧他大概知道。(3) will 表示主语的习惯或习惯能力。The young man will sit there for hours doing nothing.那个年轻人常几个小时坐在那儿无所事事。Water will boil at 100. 水在100时沸腾。4. would 的用法(1) would 表示主语的意愿。Thats j
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