1、 今晚何不来我家吃顿饭。5、 help 后可带to,也可不带to, help sb (to) do sth:6、如果在feel,know,observe,see后面跟的不定式是be,则to不可省略。Weallfeltthattobethehighestpraiseknowhimbrave TheonlythingIhaveobservedwithoutlimitisbusinessmansdesireforprofitsNowsawmanwhowalkeduphilleverymorning应该注意到的是feel和see这两个动词在上述例句中已不是感觉动词,它们的意思分别是“认为”、“以为”和
2、“知悉”、“了解”。7、 由and, or和than连接的两个不定式,第二个to 可以省去:He forgot to go to her home and give her the important letter. 他忘了去她家并把一封重要的信件给她。8、 通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think等词后作宾补时,可以省去to be。 He is supposed (to be) nice. 他应该是个好人。9、but作介词,后结不定式结构时,前面谓语动词部分若含有do的形式时,but后的不定式要省去to,否则要带to. 例 he wants to do not
3、hing but go out. He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine. 10、不定式做表语时,一般要带to,但若主语部分中含有do的各种形式时,符号to可省去。例 weve missed the last bus. All we could do now is walk home.It(This,That)beaanadj.n.todo在这种句型中,不定式与前面的名词有动宾关系。动词不定式可改为动词不定式复合结构。例如:Thisadifficultquestionanswer.这是个难答的问题。question与toans
4、wer为动宾关系。answer可改为meanswer。再如:Itaneasysentencetranslate.这个句子很容易翻译。1.chairlooksratherhard,butinfactitverycomfortable_.a.sitb.onc.satd.2.Imhungry.Getsomethingeateating3.foreigner_Chinese.writewritten4.nomoreletters_,thankyou.typetypingtyped5.cara.torepairb.torepairedc.repairingd.being6.Hewasnowheresee
5、seenseeing7.Shehadmoney_birthdaypresenttheirchildren.buyboughtbuying8.waitedworkdonebeing动名词复合结构的一般构成:1)名词的所有格形式动名词(或动名词短语)2)形容词性的物主代词动名词(或动名词短语)如不置于句首时,可以使用:名词动名词(或动名词短语)或者宾格代词动名词(或动名词短语)动名词复合结构主要在句中做主语、宾语或表语等。它能够侧重说明动名词所表示的动作的执行者。Wouldyoumindmy/meclosingwindow?(比较:)Bobsabsentmadehisteacherangry.No
6、onewilldreamoftheresuchfamousplaceworld.HerhavinglostkeysMarydisappointed.动词ing的独立结构:不定式和动名词作主语的区别:(1) 动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作;而不定式作主语表示具体动作。Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here这里禁止抽烟。(抽象)It is not very good for you to smoke so much你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) (2) 动名词作主语时,通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。Climbing mounta
7、ins is interesting爬山很有趣。(经验) Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。To finish the task will take a long time.要完成这项任务将要花费很长时间。(3) 不定式做主语,一般用it当形式主语,把作主语的不定式短语后置。 It took me only five minutes to finish the job. (4)动名词做主语往往表示普通的,一般的行为;不定式作主语常常表示某次具体的行为。 Collecting information about chi
8、ldrens health is his job. 收集有关儿童健康的信息是他的工作。 Its necessary to discuss the problem with an experienced teacher. 与一位有经验的老师讨论这个问题是有必要的。2、常用不定式做主语的句型有:(1)Its difficult (important, necessary) for sb. to do (2)Its kind (good, friendly, polite, careless, rude, cruel, clever, foolish, brave) of sb. to do. 3、
9、常用动名词做主语的句型有: Its no good (use, fun) doing. Its (a) waste of time ones doing.不定式、分词、动名词作定语时的比较 A作前置定语 现在分词、过去分词、动名词 可以作前置定语,而不定式不能作前置定语。如: a developing country , a developed country ; boiling water,boiled water ;building materials , a swimming pool ; the sleeping boy , the coming new year 。辨异的方法很简单:
10、现在分词具有主动、进行的特点,而过去分词则具有被动、完成的特点。例如,a developing country=a country which is developing (发展中国家 ); boiling water=water which is boiling(正在滚开的水 ) ; a developed country=a country which has developed(发达国家 ); boiled water=water which has been boiled(已滚开过的水)。现在分词和动名词同形,但作前置定语时,动名词表示所修饰的名词的用途,例如, .building materials=materials for building; a swimming pool=a pool for swimming ;而现在分词作前置定语时,表示所修饰的名词正在进行的动作,两者是逻辑上的主谓关系。例如,the sleeping boy=the boy who is sleeping ; the coming new year=the new year that is coming 。B作后置定语 不定式、现在分词、过去分词都能作作后置定语,而动名词不作后置定语。先看例句: The p
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