同等学力英语语法专项复习主谓一致.doc

1、2013年同等学力英语语法专项复习：主谓一致第十节主谓一致一、总述主谓一致（subject-verb agreement ）指谓语动词须在人称和数方面与主语保持一致。主语和谓语动词在人称方面的一致比较简单，因为除了动词be 和have 有不同的人称形式外，其他动词只有单数第三人称现在时在其词尾加-s/-es，其余的人称在动词上并无特殊标记。主语和谓语动词之间的数的一致比较复杂，是一致关系中的难点，也是考试中的侧重点。在处理主谓一致关系时，通常遵循以下三个原则：1. 语法一致原则（principle of grammatical agreement） 谓语动词与主语必须在语法形式上取得一致，即：

2、主单，谓单；主复，谓复。2. 概念一致原则（principle of notional agreement） 谓语动词的单数或复数的形式取决于主语所表示的概念而不是主语的语法形式。3. 就近原则（principle of proximity） 谓语动词在人称和数的形式上和主语中最靠近的语词取得一致。二、重要考点1. 集体名词作主语时，主语与谓语动词的一致如集体名词在句中意指整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如在句中意指其具体成员，谓语动词用复数形式。这类集体名词包括：army, audience, class, committee, crowd, crew, couple, family, gro

3、up, staff, team, public, cabinet, band 等。例如：The population of the earth is increasing very fast. One third of the population here are farmers. The public has every reason to be cautious of professional deception. The public now know the whole story. 2. 学科名称和疾病名称作主语时，主语与谓语动词的一致某些学科名称和疾病名称虽词尾加s 的形式，但这

4、些词作主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。这些词包括：electronics （电子学），mechanics （力学），classics（古典文学）， linguistics （语言学），economics （经济学），statistics （统计学），physics （物理学），mathematics （数学）等。例如：Electronics is a piece of cake to him. Quantum mechanics （量子力学）supplies methods for calculating the results of experiments in all those realm

5、s.3. 表示书名、报名、剧名、国名等的名词或词组作主语时，主语与谓语动词的一致表示书名、报名、剧名、国名等的名词（或词组）作主语时，如只指一种、一本或一个，不论它形式是单数还是复数，谓语动词只用单数形式。例如：The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was written by the famous American humorist Mark Twain.The New York Times is not available here. The United States was founded in 1776. 4. 单复数同形的名词作主语时，主语与谓语动词

6、的一致单复数同形的名词作主语时，要根据句子意思来确定谓语动词的单复数形式，单复数同形的名词包括：aircraft, deer, fish, sheep, means, species, series, works, crossroads, headquarters 等。例如：Various means of transport are introduced in this article. There are already 137 species of butterflies known in the world today.5. 表示时间、距离、度量、价值的复数名词作主语时，主语与谓语动词

7、的一致这些复数名词，如表示抽象概念，被视作一整体时，谓语动词用单数形式；如表示具体的多少，强调复数意义时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：Ten minutes is all that I can spare for you. Six thousand dollars is a large sum of money to her.The fifty miles were covered by the winner in three hours. 6. 由with、as well as 等词或词组修饰的单数名词作主语时，主语与谓语动词的一致如作主语的单数名词后有下列词或词组修饰时，谓语动词仍用单数形式

8、：with, along with, together with, besides, as well as, in addition to, accompanied by, rather than, but 等。例如：The teacher as well as the students likes this novel. A scientist, together with some assistants, was sent to help solve that problem. The boss, rather than his employees, is to blame. 7. and

9、 连接的两个名词作主语时，主语与谓语动词的一致一般情况下，and 连接的两个名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。但有些情况下，and 连接的两个名词意指同一人物、同一事物、同一概念时，谓语动词要用单数形式。通常，如果两个名词只有一个限定词或无限定词修饰时，它们常常表示一个概念，如果两个名词分别有两个限定词修饰时，它们往往表示两个不同的概念。另外，如果and 连接的两个单数名词均有each 、every 、many a 、no 等词修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：War and peace is a constant theme in history.The wear and tear on t

10、he machine is obvious. The secretary and manager was present at the meeting. Every hour and every minute is vital to me now. Many a boy and many a girl has been to the exhibition. 8. 连词or 等连接两个名词（或代词）作主语时，主语与谓语动词的一致连词or、eitheror 、neithernor 、not only but also 连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词必须和靠它较近的一个名词或代词取得一致，这就

11、是就近一致原则。例如：Either I or they are responsible for it. Neither your unkind words nor your unfriendly attitude has caused me any distress. Not only he but also his family members are interested in football match. 9. none 本身作主语时或它修饰的名词或代词作主语时，如代表不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式，如代表可数名词，谓语动词既可用单数形式也可用复数形式。10. one and a ha

12、lf 后接的名词应是复数形式，但谓语动词用单数形式。如：One and a half years has passed. 11. more than one 后接单数可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，但如果more than one 本身作主语，谓语动词则用复数形式。12. either、neither 作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。13. one or two 后接复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。14. one of 后接复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。15. 动词不定式、动名词短语、名词性从句等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：Seeing is believing. T

13、o hesitate means failure. 三、例题1. Professor Wu, with three lecturers, _ attending a symposium ( 专题讨论会) in Shanghai on energy now.A. is B. are C. was D. were 2. One and a half hours _ passed. A. has B. are C. is D. have 3. Many a student _ going to take part in CET-6 next month. A. is B. is to C. are

14、D. was 4. What matters _ not winning but participating. A. are B. to be C. was D. is5. Passenger ships and _ are often equipped with ship-to-shore or air-to-land radio telephones. A. aircrafts B. aircraft C. the planes D. also the planes 6. John is the only one of the students who _ to France. A. ha

15、s been B. have been C. had been D. has being 7. Linguistics （语言学）_ very difficult to learn. A. is not B. are not C. were not D. wasnt 8. The flight service crew _ largely women. A. is B. was C. are D. were 9. Three hours _ the limit of this examination. A. is B. were C. are D. was 10. His selected poems _ first published in 1992. A. was B. were C. had been D. are 11