TOEFL Junior-大学阅读教材.docx

1、TOEFL JuniorReading Comprehension1目录1 TOEFL Junior 阅读宏观综述 Introduction to TOEFL Junior Reading Comprehension32 TOEFL Junior 阅读题型介绍32.1 词汇题32.2 事实信息题42.3 否定事实信息题62.4 指代题72.5 修辞目的题92.6 推断题102.7 主旨题113 TOEFL Junior 阅读篇章练习12天文类12地理地质类20生物类29生态学类36古生物类42人文社会科学类49美国历史题材54文学艺术类77261 TOEFLJunior阅读宏观综述Introd

2、uctiontoTOEFLJunior Reading ComprehensionTOEFL Junior 阅读考试主要考查学生寻找文章基本信息，进行合理推理以及理解文章内容概要的能力。TJ 阅读部分总共包括 6-7 篇文章，每篇文章包括 4-10 题不等，总题数为 40-42 题，文章取材主要分为两类，分别是应用型文体和学术型文体。应用型文体包括电子邮件，书面邮件， 通知公告等等；学术型文体主要包括自然科学，社会科学，艺术等不同的学科领域，多数是 对某一个学术内容的综述性介绍。2 TOEFL Junior 阅读题型介绍2.1 词汇题1. 考察实质词汇题考察考生是否理解文章中个别单词或短语的具

3、体意思。单词的意思必须符合原文的意思。需要指出的是，TJ 阅读词汇题并没有一个必然会考到的“词汇表”。通常情况下，备考到的单词或短语对于理解文章的一个大的或重要的部分起到至关重要的作用。2. 提问方式词汇题很好识别，在文章中每五行会有行号，然后问题如下：X, the word ABC is closest in meaning to 3. 解题要点1). 如果认识单词，选择与文中意思相符的选项2). 如果不认识单词(1) 词根词缀法(2) 上下文推断法上下文推断法可利用的线索：同义关系，反义关系，解释关系，词语搭配4. 例题The largest giant gas planet, Jupit

4、er, with a volume 1,300 times greater than Earths, contains more than twice the mass of all the other planets combined. It is thought to be a gaseous and fluid planet without solid surfaces. Had it been somewhat more massive, Jupiter might have attained internal temperatures as high as the ignition

5、point for nuclear reactions, and it would have flamed as a star in its own right.1. The word attained is closest in meaning to(A) attempted(B) changed(C) lost(D) reachedNo two comets ever look identical, but they have basic features in common, one of the most obvious of which is a coma. A coma looks

6、 like a misty, patch of light with one or more tails often streaming from it in the direction away from the Sun.2. The word identical is closest in meaning to(A) equally fast(B) exactly alike(C) near each other(D) invisibleMolt requires that a bird find and process enough protein to rebuild approxim

7、ately one-third of its body weight. It is not surprising that a bird in heavy molt often seems unwell. But far from being random, molt is controlled by strong evolutionary forces that have established an optimal time and duration. Generally, molt occurs at the time of least stress on the bird.3. The

8、 word random is closest in meaning to(A) unfortunate(B) unusual(C) unobservable(D) unpredictableThe external surfaces of plants, in addition to being covered by an epidermis and a waxy cuticle, often carry spiky hairs, which either prevent feeding by insects or may even puncture and kill insect larv

9、ae. Other trichomes are sticky and glandular and effectively trap and immobilize insects.4. The word puncture is closest in meaning to(A) pierce(B) pinch(C) surround(D) cover .The Native Americans of northern California were highly skilled at basketry, using grasses, barks, and roots to fashion arti

10、cles of all sorts and sizes-not only trays, containers, and cooking pots, but hats, boats, fish traps, and baby carriers.5. The word fashion is closest in meaning to(A) maintain(B) organize(C) trade(D) create2.2 事实信息题1. 考察实质事实信息题要求考生识别出文章中明确阐述的事实信息。这些事实信息文体主要集中于事实、细节、定义或者其他坐着阐述的信息。此种题型一般要求考生便使劲在文章某一

11、部分提到的具体信息，而不会问及整篇文章的主旨。2. 提问方式事实信息题通常会有以下提问方式：1. According to the paragraph, which of the following is true of X?2. The authors description of X mentions which of the following?3. According to the paragraph, X occurred because4. According to the paragraph, X did Y because .5. According to the paragr

12、aph, why did X do Y?6. The authors description of X mentions which of the following?3. 解题要点1、快速浏览题干，选出定位词，如：1. 大写字母（人名，地名，专有名词）2. 连字符3. 时间，数字4. 表示题干核心意思的词汇（n. adj. v.）5. 四个选项的相同结构2、快速扫描段落，找出定位词，阅读定位句3、正确选项是定位句的同义转述或同义改写。必须在意思上和语言逻辑上完全符合定位句4. 例题Much of Jupiters interior might be in the form of liquid

13、, metallic hydrogen. Normally, hydrogen is a gas, but under pressures of millions of kilograms per square centimeter, which exist in the deep interior of Jupiter, the hydrogen atoms might lock together to form a liquid with the properties of a metal. Some scientists believe that the innermost core o

14、f Jupiter might be rocky, or metallic like the core of Earth.1. According to the passage, hydrogen can become a metallic-like liquid when it is(A) extremely hot(B) combined with helium(C) similar to atmospheres(D) under great pressures2. According to the passage, some scientists believe Jupiter and

15、Earth are similar in that they both have(A) solid surfaces(B) similar masses(C) similar atmospheres(D) metallic coresTelescopic images permitted the cataloging of a bewildering array of land forms. Craters were studied for clues to their origin. Strange, sinuous features were observed in the Maria. Although various land forms were catalogued, the majority of astronomers attention was fixed on craters and their origins.3. According to the passage, l