高考英语虚拟语气专项讲解及练习含答案Word文件下载.docx

1、如: Open the door, please。请打开门。（3）虚拟语气: 表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。 If I were you, I should study English. 如果我是你，我就学英语了。May you succeed! 祝您成功！一、虚拟语气 虚拟语气用于表示所说的话与现在的事实相反，或与过去的事实相反，或与将来的事实相反。表示说话人的主观愿望、猜想、建议或与事实不符的假设等，也可以表示可能性较小或不可能发生的情况。虚拟语气一般用于正式的书面语中。多用于复合句中。虚拟语气是由谓语动词的特殊形式表达出来的。 If they in

2、vite me this evening, I shall go with them. （陈述语气，说话人认为被邀请的可能性很大） If they invited me this evening, I should go with them. （虚拟语气，说话人认为被邀请的可能性小或者根本不可能）二、虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句。在这种真实条件句中的谓语用陈述语气。 If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 如果明天不下雨，我们就去公园。如果

3、假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。 If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 如果他昨天见到你，他会问你这件事的。（事实上他昨天没见到你，因此也未能问你这件事。）所述情况If-条件从 句主 句与现在事实相反If+主语动词过去式（be动词用were）主语would/could/might/should+动词原形与过去事实相反If主语had done主语would/could/might/should +have d

4、one与将来事实相反1.If+主语动词过去式2. If+主语were to do3. If+主语should do主语would/could/might/should/+动词原形在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，条件从句与主句的谓语动词的形式为：主句中的should只用于I, we，美语中的should常被would代替。从句中的should可用于各种人称。Might表示“可能”，可用于主句中的各种人称。1. 表示与现在事实相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：一般过去时（虚拟语气中bewere）主句用：would（should, could, might）+动词原形。 If I were you, I

5、should/would go at once. 如果我是你，我立刻就走。 If we had time now, we would read it again. If I were you, I would work hard.补充：If it were not for sth. 意为“如果没有”，表示同现在的事实相反的假设。 If it were not for the rain, the crops would die. 如果没有下雨，庄稼就会死的。 If it were not for peace, we could not be living a happy life today.2

6、. 表示与过去事实相反或不可能发生：had+过去分词；主句：would（should, could, might）+have+过去分词。 If he had taken my advice, he wouldnt/couldnt have failed in the exam. 如果你按照我的建议去做，你就不会考试不及格。 If I had known your telephone number then, I would have called you.If it had not been for sth. 意为“如果当时没有”，表示同过去事实相反的假设。 If it had not bee

7、n for your help, I would have failed. 如果当时没有你的帮助，我会失败的。 If it had not been for your timely help, I would have gone bankrupt.3. 表示与将来的事实可能相反或不可能发生：一般过去时；should +动词原形；were to+动词原形； If I saw him tomorrow, I would pass your note to him.如果我明天见到他，就把你的便条给他。 If it should rain, the crops would be saved. If i

8、t were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out.4. 混合/错综型虚拟语气-主句的动作和从句的动作发生的时间不一致的情况 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，称为错综条件句，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。If you had followed my advice, you would be better now.（从句说的是过去，主句是现在）If I were not busy, I would have come.如果我不忙，我就会来了。 （从句是现在，主句是过去）5. 虚拟条件句的特殊情况（1）. 省略

9、if的虚拟语气如果从句中含有were/ should/ had时，则可以把这三个词置于句首，省略if.采用倒装语序。If it should happen, what would you do?Should it happen, what would you do?If he had recognized me, he would have come over. Had he recognized me, he would have come over巩固练习：1. _C_ your address，I would have written to you.A. Did I know B. We

10、re I to know C. Had I known D. If I should know2. Yesterday, Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she _D_ something she would regret later. A. had said B. said C. might say D. might have said3.If we _A_ 200 years old，we _ everything.A. were to be，could change B. had been，changedC. were，w

11、ould have changed D. should be，changed4. Maybe if I _ science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help. A. studied B. would study C. had studied D. was studying5. _ me what you wanted to know, I should not have wasted my time talkingso much with you. A. Had you told B. You hav

12、e told C. You had told D. Have you told6. _ thisafternoon, you would have to come again next week.A. The boss didnt return B. The boss were not to return C. Were the boss not to return D. Didnt the boss return7. Grace doesnt want to move to New York because she thinks if she _ there, she wouldnt be

13、able to see her parents very often. A. lives B. would live C. having lived D. were to live8. We _ back in the hotel now if you didnt lose the map. A. are B. were C. will be D. would be 9. If we _ a table earlier, we couldnt be standing here in a queue. A. have booked B. booked C. book D. had booked1

14、0. Were I to do it, I _ it some other way.A. will do B. would doC. would have done D. were to do11. Jane would never have gone to the party _ that Mary would come to see her.A. has she known B. had she knownC. if she know D. if she has known12. If you had enough money, what _?A. will you buyB. would you buyC. would you have bought D. will you have bought三、 虚拟语气用在名词性从句