(儿科学英文课件）04 nutritionPPT格式课件下载.pptx

1、1,Nutrition and Feeding,Prof.ChengQian Dept.of Child Health CareCMUC,2,Low nutritional stores,The nutritional vulnerability of infants and children,High nutritional demands for growth,Rapid neuronal development,contribution to basal metabolic rate,4,Contents,Nutrient needs of the normal infant and c

2、hild The nutrition-related characteristics ofgastrointestinal tract in infantDiet of the normal InfantDiet of the normal child and adolescent Nutritional assessment,5,to acquainted with the energy requirement at different age group,especially in infancyto acquainted with the ideal proportion of ener

3、gy produced by macronutrientsto list the RNI or AI of some micronutrients（VitA,B,C,D,iron,calcium,zinc,iodine）,OBJECTIVES 1,Nutritional assessment,6,Contents,Nutrient needs of the normal infant and childThe nutrition-related characteristics of gastrointestinal tract in infantDiet of the normal Infan

4、t Diet of the normal child andadolescent,7,Dietary reference intakes,DRIs营养素参考摄入量,Estimated Average Requirement,EAR平均需要量,Recommended Nutrient Intake（Recommended Dietary Allowances）,RNI（RDA）推荐摄入量Adequate Intake,AI适宜摄入量,Tolerable Upper Limit,UL可耐受最高摄入量,RNI=EAR+2SD,AMDR,宏量营养素素接受范围,PI-NCD 建议摄入量,SPI,特定建议

5、量,Prevention for Chronic illness,Relationship of Dietary Reference Intakes to RNI,EAR and UL,8,Nutrient needs of the normal infant and child,9,10,Category of nutrients,EnergyMacronutrientsPro,Fat,CHO,Micronutrients,minerals trace elements vitamins,Other diet elements,cellulose（纤维素）water,*Chinese nut

6、rition society 2000,2013,11,Energy,the energy intake is used forgrowth and synthesis of new tissue,metabolic processes,physiological functions and activityThe RNIs of energy are the same as the estimated average requirement（EAR）.The EAR is the average dietary energy intake predicted to maintain ener

7、gy balance in a healthy individual of defined group.The EAR account for age,gender,weight,stature,and physical activity level.,12,Energy requirements of infants（from Hanley&#Belfus 1988.）,mo,012m95 kcal/kg.d 1y1100 kcal/d2y1200 kcal/d3y1350 kcal/d5y1600 kcal/d7y1800 kcal/d10y2100 kcal/d,Requirements

8、 of Total Energy,（2000 Chinese Dietary Reference Intakes）,13,14,Macronutrients,ProteinFatCarbohydrateare energy sources and are essential for cellular homeostasis.,15,Protein,Protein intake is required to supply for the synthesis of constituent protein andother nitrogen-containing compounds such as

9、polypeptide hormons.,16,EEA can not be synthesized by human.These amino acids are essential or indispensable to the diet.Infants require all of the indispensable amino acids that adults require,as well as cysteine（半胱氨酸）and tyrosine（酪氨 酸）（and perhaps arginine精氨酸）early in life;#these additional amino

10、acids are indispensable for this stage,due to the immaturity of hepatic cystathionase（胱硫 醚酶）in early infancy.,17,Protein quality,the distribution of amino acidstheproportion of amino acidsAprotein of high quality contains a large propotion of essential amino asids.*Human milksoy-based infant formula

11、+methionine（蛋氨酸）,RNIfor Protein,AgeProtein 0-12m1.53g/kg.d1y-35g/d 2y-40g/d3y-45g/d 4y-50g/d5y-55g/d 6y-55g/d7y-60g/d,18,19,FATFat is the most calorically dense macronutrient.,The main dietary sources of fat include animal products,vegetable oils,margarine,baked goods,and fried foods.Fats paly signi

12、ficant structural and function roles.The AMDR for fats is 30-40%of the total energy intake for children 1-3yr of age and 25-35%for children 4-18yr（USA）.,20,Saturated fats:#animal fats Unsaturated fats：#vegetable fats,polyunsaturated:#fish oil,plants（多不饱和脂肪酸）linolenic acid（ALA,亚麻酸）and linoleic acid（L

13、A,亚 油 酸）are the most important unsaturated fats,also are important essential fatty acids.Humans are incapable of synthesizing the precursor ALA and LA and dependent on dietary sources for these essential fatty acids.,21,Carbohydrate,CHO is the major resources of the energy.Carbohydrates are abundant

14、 in many foods including cereals,grains,fruits,and vegetables.Dietary carbohydrates include monosaccharides（单糖）,disaccharide（双糖）,oligosaccharides（低 聚糖）,and polysaccharides（多糖）。#The primary function of carbohydrates is to serve as an energy source for all cells,with the central nervous system and ery

15、throcytes depending most on glucose as an energy substrates.,22,Optimal Distribution of Energy,Fat contributes 50%of total energy in breast milk or standard infant formula.The average diet of older children provides 25-30%of total energy from fat.45-55%from carbohydrate and about 8-15%from protein.,

16、0-6m 45-50%7-24m 35-40%,23,Micronutrients（微量营养素）,mineralstrace elements（微量元素）vitamins,24,The major minerals are that require intakes of more than 100mg/day and contribute at least 0.1%of total body weight.Calcium（Ca）,phosphorus（P）,magnesium（Mg）,sodium（Na）,potassium（K）,chloride（Cl）,and sulfur（S）,Minerals,Summary of clinically relevant information on minerals,Biochemical Action,Effects of deficiency Effects of Toxicity Dietary Sources,Structure of bone and teeth;#activates,smooth,skeletal,contraction and