1、3.结尾是 s, x, sh, ch+eswatch-watches4.特殊的do-does ,have-has, go-goes2现在进行时,(1)表示正在发生的动作,通常用“now现在, look看,linsen听”.(2)基本形式: be + 动词ingeg: I am(not) doing my homework.You/We/They are(not) reading.He/She/It is(not) eating. What are you doing?Is he reading?(3)动词的现在分词形式(动词+ing)一般情况 +ing walkwalking结尾是不发音的 e
2、-e + ingcomecoming重读闭音节双写最后一个字母+ingrun-runningswim-swimming3. 一般过去时(1) 表示过去已经发生的事情,通常用 “last 上一个, just now刚才, a moment ago刚才, yesterday昨天”等词。(2) be 动词的过去式: am/iswas arewere (3)过去式基本结构肯定句(Positive)动词过去式I went shopping last night.否定句(Negative)Didnt + 动词原形I didnt go shopping last night.Did + 动词原形?Did y
3、ou go shopping last night?特殊疑问句(wh-)What did+ 动词原形?What did you do last night?(4)词过去式的变化:规则动词的变化:一般动词 +edplanted,watered,climbed以不发音的e结尾 +dliked辅音字母加y结尾-y+ iedstudystudied, cry- cried重读闭音节单词,末尾只有一个辅音字母双写最后一个字母+edstop stoppedplan - planned不规则动词的变化:原形过去式sweepsweptteachtaughthavehadgowentkeepkeptthinkt
4、houghtdodidfindfoundsleepsleptbuyboughteatatesaysaidfeelfeltdrinkdrankis/amwastaketookreadgivegaveareweremeanmeantputsingsangdrivedrovemeetmetcutbeginbeganspeakspokemakemadeletringrangwritewroteseesawflyflewrunranriderodecomecamedrawdrewsitsathearheardtelltoldgrowgrewlearnlearned/ learntgetgotknowkn
5、ew4一般将来时一般将来时表示将来打算做的事或将要发生的事情。常常与tomorrow, next Sunday等时间状语连用。结构:be going to +动词原形或will +动词原形例如:Im going to visit my grandpa next week.二、人称代词主格I weyouhesheitthey宾格me ushimherthem形容词性物主代词myouryourhisitstheir名词性物主代词mineoursyoursherstheris(注:介词,动词后面跟宾格。后面没有名词时用名词性物主代词。)三、可数名词的复数形式1.一般名词: + s a book bo
6、oks2.辅音字母加y结尾: - y+ ies a storystories3.以s, x,sh, ch ,结尾: + es a glassglasses;a watch-watches4.以f或fe结尾: - f 或fe 变为 ves a knife knives a shelf-shelves5.特殊的名词复数man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-micechild-childrenfoot-feet,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, C
7、hinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese四、不可数名词(没有复数形式)bread, rice, water, juice,milk,tea,coffee 五、缩略形式Im = I am youre = you are shes = she is hes = he is /he has(got)its = it is whos =who is cant =can not isnt=is not didnt=did not werent=were not wasnt=was not lets=let us Ill=I will六、a. an .the的用法1.单词的第一读
8、音是辅音读音:a book, a peach, a “U”单词的第一个读音是元音读音:an egg, an hour, an “F” 2.the要注意的:球类前面不加the,乐器前面要加the,序数词前面要加the。七、介词1表示方位:on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind.,under2表示时间:(1)at : 几点前面用at如:at six oclock, 没有day的节日前用at如 :at Christmas, 固定词组 at the weekends ,at night(2)on: 星期前用on 如
9、:on Monday ,日期前用on 如:on the 15th of July 带有Day的节日前用on 如: on National Day(3)in: 早晨,中午,晚上前用in:in the morning ,in the afternoon ,in the evening ,月份前用in ,如in December ,季节前用in ,如 winter八、基数词变成序数词的方法1. 直接在基数词词尾加上th。seventh第七,tenth 第十,thirteenth 第十三, 2.以y结尾的基数词,变y为i,再加上eth。twentieth 第二十。3.不规则的。first 第一, se
10、cond 第二, third 第三,fifth 第五, eighth 第八,ninth 第九,twelfth 第十二。4.有两个或以上单词组成的基数词只改最后一个单词如twenty-first 第二十一。九、some /any的用法 1.肯定句中用some:I have some toys in my bedroom.2.问句和否定句中用ang:Do you have any brothers or sisters?He hasnt got any pencils in his pencil-case.3.询问想要什么时用some:Would you like some juice?Can I
11、 have some stamps?十、 there be结构1.肯定句(有): There is +单数或不可数名词There are +复数注:遵循就近原则,看靠there be最近的2.一般疑问句(有吗?):Is there ? Yes, there is./ No, there isnt.Are there? Yes, there are. /No, there arent.3.否定句(没有): There isnt . There arent.4.there be句型与have(has) 的区别:there be 表示在某地有某物(或人);have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。十一、
12、祈使句Sit down pleaseDont sit down, please.Lets go to the park.祈使句中动词用原形)十二、(情态)动词can, may, must, should, will 后面直接用动词原形。1. I / He / She / They can sing. May I come in? I must go now.2. You should be quiet in the library.3. Youll be good friends. 十三、形容词和副词的比较级一、形容词的比较级1、两个事物或人的比较用比较级,比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较
13、级前面可以用more, a little 来修饰表示程度。2形容词加er的规则:一般在词尾加er ;以字母e 结尾,加r ;以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加er ;以“辅音字母+y”结尾,先把y变i,再加er 。3不规则形容词比较级:good-better, beautiful-more beautiful二、副词的比较级 1形容词与副词的区别 (有be用形,有形用be;有动用副,有副用动)在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后2副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同 (不规则变化:well-better, far-farther)十四、特殊疑问句What (问什么事,什么物或什么工作) What
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