给水排水专业英语翻译Word格式文档下载.docx

1、groundwater 地下水surface water 地表水tap tp 开关、龙头；在上开空（导出液体）swampland swmplnd n. 沼泽地；沼泽地带capillary kpilri n. 毛细管 adj. 毛状的,毛细管的hygro- 词头 湿（气），液体hygroscopic ,haigruskpik adj. 易湿的，吸湿的hygroscopic moisture 吸湿水stratum streitm n. 地质学地层，生物学（组织的）层aquifer kwf kwif n.含水层，地下蓄水层saturation ,strein n.饱和 （状态），浸润，浸透，饱和度h

2、ydrostatic ,haidrusttik adj. 静水力学的, 流体静力学的hydrostatic pressure 静水压力water table 1. 地下水位，地下水面，潜水面 2. 【建筑学】泻水台；承雨线脚；飞檐；马路边沟亦作 water-tablePhreatic surface fri（:）tik 地下水（静止）水位，浅层地下水面Superficial sju:pfil adj. 表面的,表观的，浅薄的Porosity p:rsiti n. 多孔性,有孔性,孔隙率Unconfined nknfaind adj. 无约束的，无限制的Permeability ,p:mibil

3、iti n. 弥漫, 渗透 , 渗透性Permeameter p:mimit n.渗透仪,渗透性试验仪）Clay klei n. 粘土，泥土gravel rvl n.总称砾，沙砾，小石；砾石cone of depression kun 下降漏斗, 水文学下降锥体drawdown dr:daun n. 水位下降（降落,消耗,减少）integrate intigreit 【数学】作积分运算；求积分observation well ,bz:vein 观测井，观测孔extraction ikstrkn n. 抽出，取出，提取（法），萃取（法）derivation derivein n. 1. 导出，引

4、（伸）出，来历，出处，得出，得到；诱导，推论，推理；溯源 【数学】 1） （定理的）求导，推导 2） 微商，微分，导数 【语言】词源，衍生deplete dipli:t v. 耗尽, 使.衰竭refuse rifju:z n. 废物,垃圾vt. 拒绝，谢绝dump dmp n. 垃圾场，垃圾堆，堆存处 vt. 倾卸，倾倒（垃圾）unconfined aquifer 潜水含水层，非承压含水层，无压含水层confined aquifer 自流含水层，承压含水层homogeneous ,hmudi:njs adj. 同类的,相似的，均匀的，均相的； 同种类的，同性质的；相同特征的Aquaclude

5、不透水层，难渗透水的地层Offset :fset n.偏移量 抵销，弥补，分支，胶印，平版印刷，支管，乙字管 Vt. 弥补,抵销,用平版印刷 vi. 偏移，形成分支sophisticated sfistikeitid adj. 复杂的，需要专门技术的；诡辩的,久经世故的equilibrium ,i:kwilibrim n. 平衡,均衡Water Supply（给水工程）A supply of water is critical to the survival of life, as we know it.（众所周知，水对生命的生存至关重要。） People need water to drin

6、k, animals need water to drink, and plants need water to drink. （人需要水，动物需要水，植物需要水）The basic functions of society require water:（社会的基本功能需要水：）cleaning for public health（公共卫生设施的冲洗）, consumption for industrial processes（工业生产过程耗水）, and cooling for electrical generation（电能生产过程的冷却）. In this lesson, we disc

7、uss water supply in terms of:（在这里，我们从两方面讨论水的供给：）1. Groundwater supplies（地下水供给）2. Surface water supplies（地表水供给） Groundwater is an important direct source of supply that is tapped by wells （地下水是通过打井而得到的重要直接供水水源）,as well as a significant indirect source since surface streams are often supplied by subte

8、rranean water.（也是有意义的间接供水水源，因为地表水会经常得到地下水的补给） Near the surface of the earth（靠近地表）, in the zone of aeration（在通气层内）, soil pore spaces contain both air and water（土壤颗粒间隙同时包含空气和水）. This zone, which may have zero thickness in swamplands and be several hundred feet thick in mountainous regions, contains th

9、ree types of moisture（这一地层，其厚度在沼泽地可能为零，在山区则可能厚达数百英尺，蕴涵三种类型的湿气）. After a storm, gravity water is in transit through the larger soil pore spaces（暴雨之后，水在重力的作用下透过土壤中较大的颗粒间隙）. Capillary water is drawn through small pore spaces by capillary action and is available for plant uptake（在较小土壤颗粒缝隙中的水则由于毛细管作用上升而被

10、植物吸收）. Hygroscopic moisture is held in place by molecular forces during all except the driest climatic conditions（在不是最干燥的气候条件下，土壤湿气中的水蒸汽分子会因为分子间引力范氏力而被土壤稳定下来）. Moisture, from the zone of aeration cannot be tapped as a water supply source（地表通气层的湿气不能通过凿井方式作为供水水源）. In the zone of saturation, located be

11、low the zone of aeration（位于通气层以下的饱和层）, the soil pores are filled with water（土壤间隙中充满着水）, and this is what we call groundwater（这些水就是通常所称的地下水）. A stratum that contains a substantial（充实的） amount of groundwater is called an aquifer（包含大量地下水的地层称为含水层）. At the surface between the two zones（通气层和含水层相邻的边界）, cal

12、led the water table or phreatic surface（称为水位线或浅层地下水面）, the hydrostatic pressure in the groundwater is eaual to the atmospheric pressure（地下水静压力与大气压力相等）. An aquifer may extend to great depths（含水层可达相当深度）, but because the weight of overburden material generally closes pore spaces（但因为过多的地层压力会压缩土壤间隙）, lit

13、tle water is found at depths greater than 600m（2000ft）（深度超过600m，即2000英寸，就基本找不到地下水了）. The amount of water that will drain freely from an aquifer is known as specific yield（若向含水层掘井，能够自由出流的水量称为单位产水量）. The flow of water out of a soil can be illustrated using Figure 1（从土壤中流动的水如图1所示）. The flow rate must b

14、e proportional to the area through which flow occurs times the velocity（流量与流水面积和速率成正比）, or Q=AvWhere（此式中） Q=flow rate , in m3/sec（流量，单位为m3/s） A=area of porous material through which flow occurs, in m2（渗透性土壤的流水断面，单位为m2） v=superficial velocity, in m/sec（表征流速，单位为m/s） The superficial velocity is of course not the actual velocity of the water in the soil（表征流速当然不是水在土壤中流动的真实速度）, since the volume occupied by the soil solid particles greatly reduces the available area for flow（因为土壤颗粒粒径极大地降低了水流通过的空间）. If a is the area available for flow, then（如果a代表水的流经断面面积，那么） Q=Av=av v=actual velocity of water flow