初中英语语法复习专项句子的成分结构及从句Word下载.docx

1、 （ ）按意群划分，此句为：The students of Class Two seriously reading the book written by Lu Xun.一、英语各种成分的基本含义及用法（一）、主语主语是全句谈论的中心话题。我们在说一句话的时候，首先要明确我们讲的是“哪个人”？或者是一件“什么事”？或者是一件“什么物体”，等。这些代表“哪个人”、“什么事”、“什么物体”等的部分就是句子的主语。主语是指句子的某个部分，它可能是一个词，也可能是一个词组，还有可能是一个从句，甚至一句话中会有几个并列的主语等等。所以，英语中很多词类（或词组、从句）都可以做主语。另外，英语中还有一种特殊

2、的主语形式叫“形式主语”，例如：It . that .句式等。1. Peter is a well-known pianist. （ 作主语）2. Two-thirds of the students are boys in our school. （ 主语）3. He likes reading storybooks. （ 作主语）4. To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure. （ 作主语）5. What we shall do next is not yet decided. （ 作主语）6. It took us two hours to

3、travel around the city by subway. （It 是 , 是真正的主语）例：指出下列句中主语的中心词。1. The teacher with two of her students is walking into the classroom.2. There is a bird flying in the sky.3. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.4. It is very difficult to do todays homework without your help.5. His

4、swimming across the river is considered to be a great success.（二）、谓语 在明确了主语后，我们再来说谓语。谓语是用来回答、说明、解释主语“做什么”、“是什么”、“怎么样”等的部分。英语句子中，除少数情况外，谓语必须是动词。而且，除了倒装等特殊情况外，谓语的位置相对来说是固定的，它总是位于主语的后面。1. His parents are teachers. （系动词和表语一起作谓语） 2. We study hard. （行为动词作谓语） 3. We have finished reading the book. （助动词和行为动词

5、一起作谓语） 4. He can speak English. （情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语） 什么是系动词？系动词亦称联系动词（Link Verb），作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语，构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。常见的系动词有be, look, feel, sound, taste, smell, seem, become ,get, grow, come , turn，fall, remain, stay , keep, continue.指出下列句中谓语的中心词。1. I dont like the picture on the wall.

6、2. The days get longer and longer when summer comes.3. Do you usually go to school by bus?4. Did the twins have bread for their breakfast?5. What I want to tell you is this. （三）、宾语 从语法角度说，及物动词后面要接宾语 （介词后也有宾语） 。从意义上来说，宾语是动作的对象、目标。宾语是对谓语动词的进一步说明和解释。1. We often help him. （ 作宾语） 2. He likes to play bask

7、etball. （ 作宾语） 3. We enjoy listening to the music. （ 作宾语）4. She saidthat she felt sick. （ 做宾语）5. The sun gives us light and warmth. （us ，light and warmth是 ）1、直接宾语是谓语动词的承受者，多指物；间接宾语是谓语动作的方向（对谁做）或动作的目标（为谁做），多指人。可以带两个宾语的动词有：bring, give, show, send, pass, tell, offer 等。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。2、如果强调直接宾语，可把直接宾语放

8、在间接宾语的前面，但间接宾语前须加介词 “to”或“for”。接to的动词有：give, bring, pass, lend, sell, send, show, tell, write等。Give your mother the letter. Give the letter to your mother. 直接宾语 间接宾语接for的动词有：buy, find, cook, draw, get, sing等。Can you find me my bag? Can you find my bag for me?直接宾语 间接宾语指出下列句中的宾语。1. My brother hasnt do

9、ne his homework.2. People all over the world speak English.3. How many new words did you learn last class?4. The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.5. You will find it useful after you leave school.请划出下列句中的直接宾语和间接宾语。1. Please tell us a story.2. My father bought a new computer for me last we

10、ek.3. Mr. Brown is going to teach us chemistry next term.4. Could you please pass the pen to Tom?5. Did he leave any message for me?（四）、宾语补足语现在一般认为，宾语补足语是对宾语进行进一步的补充说明。宾语补足语主要与英语及物动词有关。1、英语中有些及物动词，不但会涉及到一个对象（宾语），还会使宾语产生一种结果。动词引发宾语的结果就是宾语补足语。例如：We call him Little Tom. They made her happy. I find smok

11、ing bad for health.Im going to paint it pink. 2、英语中表示看、听之类的动词，不仅看到一个人（宾语），还会看到他在做什么事。宾语所做的事也是宾语补足语。I saw a bird in a cage. We heard her singing a song. 这一类带宾语补足语动词有：see, hear, notice, watch, feel, observe 等。找出下列句中的宾语补足语。1. He asked her to take the boy to the doctors.2. She found it difficult to fini

12、sh the work today.3. We call her Lily sometimes.4. I saw Jerry get on the bus.5. Did you hear anyone crying outside the door just now?（五）、表语 英语有一类动词叫系动词。系动词是侧重于表示人或事物状态、性质的动词，它没有明显的外观的动作形式，例如：be （am/is/are）（是）, get（变得）, sound（听起来）, look, seem（看起来）, feel（感到）等等。与系动词连用的部分叫“系表结构”，“表”就是“表语”的意思。注意：系表结构合起来

13、共同组成谓语，来说明主语的状态、性质等。I am a teacher. （系动词am + 表语 a teacher） They are on the playground now. （系动词are + 表语 on the playground.） It sounds interesting. （sound为系动词，interesting为表语） 划出下列句中的表语。1. The leaves have turned yellow.2. She was the first to learn about it.3. The old man is feeling better now.4. Why

14、is Mrs. Smith worried about her son?5. The kids are really interested in joining the chess club.（六）、定语 定语是修饰名词或代词，说明人或事物的状态、性质、数量等的词。 一般情况下，定语可以是一个词，也可能是几个词或一个词组，也可能是一个从句（定语从句）。The black bike is mine. （单个的词作定语）The office is ten minutes walk from here. （词组作定语）This is a book which tells about rocket technology. （从句作定语）He works in a shoe factory.This is my book, not your book.Is there anything important in todays newspaper?The boy, tired, hungry and thirsty, fell down on the beach. 划出下列句中的定语。1. What is your family name?2. The boy in blue is Tom.3. The man downstairs was tr