土木工程建筑防火中英文对照外文翻译文献Word文件下载.docx

1、土木工程建筑防火中英文对照外文翻译文献#中英文翻译#外文文献:#Designing Against Fire Of Buliding# #ABSTRACT:# #This paper considers the design of buildings for fire safety. It is found that fire and the associ- ated effects on buildings is significantly different to other forms of loading such as gravity live loads, wind and ear

2、thquakes and their respective effects on the building structure. Fire events are derived from the human activities within buildings or from the malfunction of mechanical and electrical equipment provided within buildings to achieve a serviceable environment. It is therefore possible to directly infl

3、uence the rate of fire starts within buildings by changing human behaviour, improved maintenance and improved design of mechanical and electrical systems. Furthermore, should a fire develops, it is possible to directly influence the resulting fire severity by the incorporation of fire safety systems

4、 such as sprinklers and to provide measures within the building to enable safer egress from the building. The ability to influence the rate of fire starts and the resulting fire severity is unique to the consideration of fire within buildings since other loads such as wind and earthquakes are direct

5、ly a function of nature. The possible approaches for designing a building for fire safety are presented using an example of a multi-storey building constructed over a railway line. The design of both the transfer structure supporting the building over the railway and the levels above the transfer st

6、ructure are considered in the context of current regulatory requirements. The principles and assumptions associ- ated with various approaches are discussed.#1 INTRODUCTION#Other papers presented in this series consider the design of buildings for gravity loads, wind and earthquakes.The design of bui

7、ldings against such load effects is to a large extent covered by engineering based standards referenced by the building regulations. This is not the case, to nearly the same extent, in the case of fire. Rather, it is building regulations such as the Building Code of Australia （BCA） that directly spe

8、cify most of the requirements for fire safety of buildings with reference being made to Standards such as AS3600 or AS4100 for methods for determining the fire resistance of structural elements.#The purpose of this paper is to consider the design of buildings for fire safety from an engineering pers

9、pective （as is currently done for other loads such as wind or earthquakes）, whilst at the same time,putting such approaches in the context of the current regulatory requirements.At the outset,it needs to be noted that designing a building for fire safety is far more than simply considering the build

10、ing structure and whether it has sufficient structural adequacy.This is because fires can have a direct influence on occupants via smoke and heat and can grow in size and severity unlike other effects imposed on the building. Notwithstanding these comments, the focus of this paper will be largely on

11、 design issues associated with the building structure.#Two situations associated with a building are used for the purpose of discussion. The multi-storey office building shown in Figure 1 is supported by a transfer structure that spans over a set of railway tracks. It is assumed that a wide range of

12、 rail traffic utilises these tracks including freight and diesel locomotives. The first situation to be considered from a fire safety perspective is the transfer structure.This is termed Situation 1 and the key questions are:# what level of fire resistance is required for this transfer structure and

13、 how can this be determined?# This situation has been chosen since it clearly falls outside the normal regulatory scope of most build- ing regulations. An engineering solution, rather than a prescriptive one is required. The second fire situation （termed Situation 2） corresponds to a fire within the

14、 office levels of the building and is covered by building regulations. This situation is chosen because it will enable a discussion of engineering approaches and how these interface with the building regulationssince both engineering and prescriptive solutions are possible.# #2 UNIQUENESS OF FIRE#2.

15、1 Introduction#Wind and earthquakes can be considered to be “natural” phenomena over which designers have no control except perhaps to choose the location of buildings more carefully on the basis of historical records and to design building to resist sufficiently high loads or accelerations for the

16、particular location. Dead and live loads in buildings are the result of gravity. All of these loads are variable and it is possible （although generally unlikely） that the loads may exceed the resistance of the critical structural members resulting in structural failure.#The nature and influence of fires in buildings are quite different to those associated with other“loads” to which a building may be subjected to. The essential differences are described in the following sec