三维微细铣削加工设备的研制及试验研究Word格式文档下载.docx

1、 机械工程 学 生 所 属 学 院： 论 文 答 辩 日 期： Development and experimental study of three-dimensional micro-milling equipment摘 要近年来,随着科学技术的不断发展，许多领域如机械工程、生物工程、电工电子、医学以及航空航天等,产品小型化已成为一种必然趋势,而微加工技术则成为加工领域的迫切需求。微细加工领域方法可谓多种多样，每种加工方法各有优劣，而在众多加工方法中，微细铣削加工技术因具有加工材料的多样性和能实现三维曲面加工的独特优势，并以其加工精度高、成形能力强的优点在微加工制造领域受到越来越广泛的关注

2、。微细铣削加工作为微细加工领域中的一项重要制造技术，成为研究的热点。本论文主要负责设计开发一套微细铣削加工设备，包括硬件设备的选择和软件系统的设计，以及通过自行开发的设备对微铣削加工中相关加工参数对粗糙度和毛刺的影响进行了试验研究。主要研究工作为：根据微细铣削对加工精度的需求，选取具有超高定位精度的三轴精密微动平台，并完成该平台的连线和调试工作。该平台XYZ方向运动轴均采用伺服电机驱动滚珠丝杠，因此具有超高精度并可实现反馈控制。铣削刀具采用日本NSK电主轴驱动，转速为5000r/min-80000r/min，该电主轴采用调油脂润滑和气动冷却的方式。依据微铣削机床的加工需求，设计了基于PC机+运

3、动控制卡的整体控制方案，利用与微动平台配套的运动控制卡，通过调用该运动控制卡提供的动态链接库DLL实现对微动平台实时、精确的控制。这是运动控制领域常用的一种二次开发的方式，这种开发方式具有效率高和灵活性强的优点。基于Labview编程语言在运动控制领域的独特优势，设计了基于Labview的三维微细铣削加工控制系统，该系统主要包括初始化模块、定位对刀模块、G代码加工模块、实时显示模块和限位控制模块。该软件系统能够满足微铣削加工所需的全部主要功能，如精确对刀过程中的匀速微进给，如按照G代码语句自动进行微铣加工，如实时显示加工过程中轴的坐标和加工轨迹等。通过设计的系统进行了微细铣削正交试验，研究了刀

4、具半径、刀具转速、进给量对铣削加工粗糙度和毛刺的影响，并进行了微细二维、三维结构的加工试验，验证了系统功能的实用性和完整性。关键词：精密装备；运动控制；Labview；微铣削试验ABSTRACTIn recent years, with the continuous development of science and technology, product miniaturization has become an inevitable trend in many fields such as mechanical engineering, biological engineering, e

5、lectronics, medical science and aerospace, etc., and micro machining technology is urgently demanded in processing field. There is a variety of processing methods in micro machining field, with each having its advantages and disadvantages. While, among these processing methods, micro milling technol

6、ogy gets more and more attention in the field of micro manufacturing because of its unique advantages of the processing ability of diversified materials and the realization of three-dimensional surface machining, and also its high machining precision and strong formability. As an important manufactu

7、ring technology in micro machining field, micro milling has become a research hotspot. This paper is primarily responsible for the design and development of a set of micro milling processing equipment, and includes the selection of hardware devices and design of software systems, as well as, through

8、 this self-developed equipment, conducts an experimental study of the impacts of related machining parameters in micro milling on roughness and burrs.The study mainly involves the following aspects:（1） According to micro millings demand for machining precision, selectsa triaxial micro-positioning pl

9、atform with ultra-high positioning accuracy, and completes the connection and debugging of the platform. All XYZ axes of motion of this platform adopt servo motor to drive ball screw, and thus have ultra-high precision and can realize feedback control. Milling cutter adopts Japan NSK motorized spind

10、le drive, with an adjustable speed of 5000r/min 80000r/min and with the method of grease lubricating and air cooling.（2） Based on the processing demands of micro milling machine tool, designs an overall control solutions on the basis of PC-machine + motion control card, and makes use of the motion c

11、ontrol card which matches the micro-positioning platform. By calling the dynamic linking library DLL which is provided by the motion control card, realizes a real-time and precise control of the micro-positioning platform. It is commonly used as a secondary development of motion control mode,which a

12、pproach with high efficiency and flexibility advantages.（3） With the unique advantage of Labview programming language in the field of motion control, designs a three-dimensional micro milling control system on the basis of Labview, this system mainly includes initialization module, positioning and t

13、ool setting module, G code processing module, real-time display module and limit control module. This software system can meet the main demand of micro milling,such as micro uniform feed during precise tool setting and automatic micro milling in accordance with G code statements and real-time displa

14、y of coordinate and track of axis during the machining process.（4） Conducts a micro milling orthogonal experiment through the designed system, studies the impacts of tool radius, tool speed and feed on millings roughness and burrs, carries out processing experiments of two-dimensional and three-dime

15、nsional structures, and verifies the utility and integrity of the systems functions.Keywords:precision equipment; motioncontrol; Labview; micro milling experiment目录摘 要 IABSTRACT II目 录 IVCONTENTS VI第一章 绪论 11.1课题的研究背景及意义 11.2课题的来源与研究内容 21.2.1本课题来源 21.2.2主要研究内容 31.3微小型机床的国内外研究状况 31.3.1国外微型机床研究状况 31.3.2国内微型机床的发展状况 61.4微小型机床控制系统发展趋势 81.5微铣削基础理论 91.5.1最小切削厚度 91.5.2微细切削的表面粗糙度 12第二章 微铣削机床硬件系统设计 142.1微铣削机床硬件设备 142.1.1微进给伺服系统模块 142.1.2刀具主轴模块 192.1.3显微观测模块 202.1.4光栅测量反馈装置 212.1.5硬件辅助设备 222.2硬件系统整体结构 232.3本章小结 23第三章 控制方案设计