高考英语复习资料高中英语非谓语动词重难点讲练附答案Word格式.docx

1、 三种非谓语动词都具有动词的特征，虽然它们没有人称和数的变化，但是它们都能带自己的状语或有时跟宾语。具体来讲：分词在句子中可以做定语、表语、状语或补足语等；动名词在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语、定语等；不定式在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语、定语、补足语或状语。下面分别对三种非谓语动词进行讲解：一、动词不定式先看几个例句，判断不定式在句中的成分。1To learn a foreign languageis difficult .作主语2 His wish isto be a driver. 作表语3Tom wantedto have a cup of beer.作宾语4The teacher t

2、old usto do morning exercises . 作宾语补足语5I have nothingto say.作定语6They wentto see their aunt. 目的状语7Its easyto see their aunt.作真正主语，it做形式主语8I dont knowwhat to do next.带有连接代词的动词不定式作宾语9I heard themmake a noise.不带to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语掌握动词不定式应注意的几个问题：1.“to” 是不定式符号还是介词，下列短语中的to 都是介词。agree to object to close to ,

3、come to , lead to , refer to ,equal to , familiar to , point to , thank to , devote to , nextto , belong to , be used to , look forward to2 带to 还是不带toI have no choice but to give inI cannot do anything but give inI saw him enter the classroom .但是： He was seen to enter the classroom .（被动语态中必须还原to）3 动

4、词不定式逻辑主语是由for 作为标记的。但是有时用of .Its necessary for you to study hard 。表物的特征Its foolish of him to do it . 表人的特点4后接不定式作宾语的动词有：want , hope , wish , like , begin , try , need , forget , agree , know , promise , teach , refuse , help , arrange , dare ,decide , determine , fail , manage , offer , prepare , co

5、ntinue , ask , mean , choose , expect etc.需要宾语补足语的动词不能用动词不定式直接做介词的宾语，而要用it做形式宾语。例如:通常不说We think to obey the laws is important . 而说We think it important to obey the laws .5不定式的省略。下列短语中，如果意义明确常常省略到to 。want to , wish to ,hope to , like to , hate to , plan to , try to , love to , have to , ought to , ne

6、ed to , used to , be able to6不定式作定语，应注意两种关系：1）动宾关系：He has a lot of meeting to attend .Please lend me something to write with .He is looking for a room to liveHe is looking for a room to live in .He has no money and no place to live （ in ） .I think the best way to travel （ by ） is on foot .There is n

7、o time to think （ about ） .2）主谓关系：She is always the last （ person） to speak at the meeting .-Im going to the post office , forIhave a letter to post . （ 逻辑主语是I ）-Thank you. But I have no letters to be posted now （逻辑主语不是I ）7不定式作状语，可以有以下几种意义：1） 原因He is luckyto get here on time.这种结构中常用的形容词有：happy , gla

8、d , delighted , pleased , sorry , eager , anxious .lucky , fortunate , proud , angry surprised , frightened ,diappointed , ready , clever , foolish , worthy2） 目的He cameto help me with my maths3） 结果I hurried to get thereonly to find him outHe is old enoughto go to school8 . 不定式作补足语I saw himplayin the

9、 street just now .能跟不带to 的不定式作补足语的动词有：五看： see , look at，watch, observe, notice两听： hear , listen to三使： let , have make,一感觉： feelenter the classroom.注: 当这些词为被动式时，不定式必须要带to , He was seen toenter the classroom .二动名词Learning Englishis very difficult .作主语学英语非常困难。His job isdriving a bus他的工作是开车。I enjoydanci

10、ng.作动词宾语我喜欢跳舞。I have got used toliving in the country.作介词宾语我已经习惯了住农村。注意以下几种结构：1.Theres no telling what will happen .2.Its no use talking with him .3.Its no good speaking to them like that .4.Theres some difficulty （ in ） doing 在此句型中,difficulty 可以由以下单词替换:trouble , problem , fun , pleasure , a good ti

11、me ,a hard time注意以下几个问题：1下列动词后跟不定式与跟动名词作宾语意义有区别，forget to do 忘记要做某事forget doing 忘记做了某事remember to do记住要做某事remember doing 记着做了某事mean to do 有意要做某事mean doing 意味着做了某事regret to do 对要做的事表示后悔regret doing 对做过去的事后悔cant help to do不能帮助做某事cant help doing 情不自禁做某事try to do 尽力去做某事try doing 试着做某事learn to do 学着去做某事l

12、earn doing 学会做某事stop to do 停下来去做（另一件事）stop doing 停止做某事go on to do 接着做（另外一件事）go on doing 继续做某事used to do 过去做某事be used to doing 习惯做某事2动名词作定语与现在分词作定语意义有区别动名词作定语表达： n+ for doing 的含义现在分词作定语表达： n+which（who） be doing的含义如：a sleeping car = a car for sleepinga running horse = a horse which is running前者是动名词 ，

13、后者是现在分词又如：drinkingwater ,walkingstickrunningwater ,sleepingboy3 动名词的逻辑主语：动名词的逻辑主语为代词或名词的所有格形式。例如：His comingmade us very happy .4动名词的语态和时态5动名词主动形式表被动的情况：need doing , want doing , require doingThis roomneeds painting. 这个房间需要粉刷。6只能跟动名词作宾语的动词：admit , avoid , advise , consider , delay , deny , enjoy ,escape , excuse , fancy , finish , complete , forbid , imagine , mind , miss , permit . practise , require , suggest , risk ,keep, take to , look forward to , get down to , feel like , cant help , cant stand , be used t