十年高考【2002-2011】英语分类汇编----名词.doc

1、十年高考【2002-2011】英语分类汇编-名词u 名词在高考中的考查重点：一般在单项选择以及完型填空和短文改错中出现, 绝大多数是考查名词词义辨析, 名词和表示数量词结合的考查, 以及主谓一致的考查以及在具体语境中的理解和应用也将占有一席之地。解题方法：1. 熟记近义名词的辨析2. 熟记常见的不可数名词, 单复数同形的名词, 形单义复的名词和集合名词表示单复数的情况, 如：advice, furniture, equipment; means, works (工厂), series; police, cattle；family, audience等等3. 掌握名词的抽象化和具体化4. 掌握名

2、词的所有格5. 注意(复合)名词作定语时可单可复6. 熟记名词与动词的固定搭配使用【2011江苏卷,27】Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional _.AconsequenceBindependenceCcompetenceDintelligence【答案】C【考点】考查名词的辨义。【解析】句意为 “教师要不断地更新他们的知识以便保持专业上的称职。”consequence后果，结果；independence独立；competence能力，胜任，称职；int

3、elligence智力, 智慧; 理解力。根据句意选C。【2011福建卷,26】The lack of eco-friendly habits among the public is thought to be a major of global climate change.A.result B.cause C.warning D.reflection【答案】B【考点】考查名词的辨义。【解析】句意为“公众缺乏对生态环境友好的习惯被认为是全球气候变化的主要原因。”result结果；cause原因；warning警告；reflection反映。cause与global climate chang

4、e存在着因果关系，故选B。【2011浙江卷,18】Anyway, I cant cheat himits against all my _.A. emotions B. principles C. regulations D. opinions【答案】B【考点】考查名词的辨义。【解析】句意为“不管怎样，我不能欺骗他这违反我的原则。”emotion情绪；principle原则，准则；regulation规定，规则；opinions意见。根据句意选B。【2011四川卷,13】Always remember to put such dangerous things as knives out of

5、childrens . A.touch B.sight C.reach D.distance【答案】C【考点】考查名词的辨义。【解析】句意为“时刻记住：这些危险物品，比如刀子，要放在孩子们够不着的地方。”out of touch不联系，不接触；out of sight看不见, 在视野之外；out of reach手够不着, 达不到；out of distance远离=far away。根据前面的交代的危险品，选C。【2011湖北卷,21】“Tommy, run! Be quick! The house is on fire!” the mother shouted, with_ clearly

6、 in her voice.A . anger B. rudeness C. regret D. panic【答案】D【考点】考查名词的辨义。【解析】句意为“Tommy，快跑！快点！房子着火了！”母亲大声叫喊，嗓音里夹杂这明显的惊慌。”anger生气；rudeness粗鲁；regret后悔；panic惊慌，慌乱。根据句意选D。【2011湖北卷,22】Giving up my job to go back to full-time education was a big_, but now I know it was the best decision I ever made.A. projec

7、t B. commitment C. competition D. ambition【答案】B【考点】考查名词的辨义。【解析】句意为“当初放弃我的工作重新接受全日制的教育是个了不起的决定，现在我知道那是我作出的最好的决定。”project项目, 计划, 方案, 课题；commitment承诺，许诺，保证；competition比赛，竞争；ambition抱负，雄心，野心。commitment与后面的decision相呼应，故选B。【2011湖北卷,30】When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster, many teachers w

8、ould prefer to see him step aside _ younger men.A. in terms of B. in need of C. in favor of D. in praise of【答案】C【考点】考查名词的辨义。【解析】句意为“当被问到对于校长的看法时，许多老师都愿意看到他靠边站为更年轻的人让路。”in terms of就而论；in need of需要；in favor of赞成；in praise of表扬，赞扬。【2011江西卷31】Whats the_, in your opinion, of helping him if he doesnt make

9、 an effort to help himself?A.sympathy B.theme C.object D.point【答案】D【考点】考查名词的辨义。【解析】sympathy同情，theme 主题，object 物体，point意义。句意为你认为如果他没有作出努力去帮助自己而去帮助他的意义是什么？选D。【2011山东卷,34】Theres a _ in our office that when its somebodys birthday, they bring in a cake for us all to share.A. tradition B. balance C. conce

10、rn D. relationship【答案】A【考点】考查名词的辨义。【解析】句意为“我们办公室有个传统:轮到某个人的生日时，他就带蛋糕来与大家分享。”tradition传统；balance平衡；concern关心；relationship关系，联系。句中somebody 与they相照应，说明不止一次，因此用tradition作答案。【2011江苏卷,32】Wed better discuss everything _ before we work out the plan.Ain detail Bin general Con purpose Don time【答案】A【考点】考查名词的辨义

11、。【解析】句意为“我们最好先详细地讨论好一切，然后再制定计划。”in detail详细地；in general一般而言, 总的来说；on purpose故意地；on time准时。根据句意，先讨论后定计划，选A。10安徽I havent seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond_A. hearing B strength C. recognition D. measure答案C考点本题考查名词辨析。解析hearing意为 “听力”；strength意为 “力气；力量”； recognition意为 “认出

12、；识别；认识”； measure意为 “测量；措施”。句意为 “她变得认不出来了。”10江西Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving license reached 200,000, a (n) _ of 40,000 per year.A average B number C amount D quantity答案A考点考查名词。解析a number of 许多 amount of 一般加不可数名词表金额, a quantity of 既可以加可数也可以加不可数, 但没有平均每年增加的意思。10山东Those

13、who suffer from headache will find they get _ from this medicine. A. relief B. safety C. defense D. shelter答案A考点本题考查名词在具体语境的使用。解析句意应为 “那些头痛的人会发现这种药物能使头痛缓解。”所以A项意义符合句意, relief 表示 “缓解, 减轻, 解除”。 safety表示 “安全, 保险”；defense 表示 “防御, 防护”； shelter表示 “掩蔽, 保护”。10天津James took the magazines off the little table

14、to make for the television.A. room B. area C. field D. position答案A考点考查名词意义和用法。解析句意：詹姆斯把杂志从小桌子上拿下了, 目的是为电视腾出空间。make room for是固定搭配, 意思是 “为让空”的意思, 其中的room是不可数名词。10江苏The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good_.A. expectation B. reputation C. contribution D. civilization答案B考点名词辨析。解析reputation 表示名声而expectation是期望的意思。Contribution是贡献的意思。Civilization是文明的意思。10湖北This restaurant has become popular for its wide of foods that suit all tastes and pockets.A. division