1、,商务英语翻译之 句法翻译,否 定 句 式,比 较 句 式,被 动 句 式,定 语 从 句,难 句 长 句,商务英语翻译 之 文体与语篇,句法翻译之一:否定句式,1)完全否定3)形式否定5)否定转移,2)部分否定4)含蓄否定6)双重否定,否定句式(1):完全否定,词汇表示完全否定or 引导的并列否定结构,There is no denying the fact that market research is an important factor in the success of a business.不能否认市场调研是企业成功的一个重要因素。,否定句式(1):完全否定1.词汇表示完全否定英
2、语表示完全否定的词语有no,not,never,none,nobody,nothing,nowhere,neithernor等。含有这些词语的完全否定句一般情况下意思都是一目了然的,只要注意译文的表达,符合现代汉语习惯就行了。例 如:,Chinas negotiation over its WTO membership was not an easy task.,中国入世谈判不是一件轻而易举的事情。(客观评价)Chinas negotiation over its WTO membership was no easy task.中国入世谈判决非一件轻而易举的事情。(主观强调),2.or 引导的
3、并列否定结构,or 引导的并列否定结构表示完全否定,通常译 成“既不也不”He did not care time or money.他不在乎时间,也不在乎金钱。Withrespecttomanuscriptsandpicturesthatare provided by the Chinese party,without the consent of the Chinese party,the other party may not transfer the copyright,orextendtheusethereof,orextendthe areas where they shall b
4、e distributed.凡我方提供的书稿和图片,未经我方同意,对方 不得转让版权,不得扩大使用权,不得扩大发行 区域。,否定句式(2):部分否定,部分否定就是指整个句子所表达的意思或概念不 是全部否定,而是既含有部分否定的意思,又含有 部分肯定的意思,而这类句子很容易被翻译成汉语 的全部否定句。例如:All ofthetradeissueswerenotsettledunder the WTO framework.并非所有的问题都在世贸组织的框架下获得解决。所有的问题都没有在世贸组织的框架下得到解决。None of the trade issues were settled under t
5、he WTO framework.,否定句式(2):部分否定,词汇在否定句中and 引导的并列结构,否定句式(2):部分否定,(1)不定代词在否定句中,all,both,each,every,everybody,everyone,everything等代词与否定词连用不是全部否定,而 是表示部分否定,常常译成汉语的“不都是”、“并非都”。The US dollar is not strong at all times.美元并不是在任何时候都是坚挺的。Chinadoesnotaccepteveryeconomic conditionthat the US imposes on it.中国并非接受
6、美国施加的所有经济条件。,(2)副词always,wholly,entirely,completely,totally,altogether,everywhere,often,quite,enough 等在否 定句中,表示部分否定。European countries did not wholly join the euro zone.欧洲国家并非全部加入了欧元区。Scientific discoveries and inventions do not always influence the language in proportion to their importance.科学上的发现与
7、发明对语言的影响并不总是 与它们的重要性成正比的。,(3)hardly,scarcely,rarely,seldom,few,little等接 近完全否定的词可以表示部分否定。,Dialogs are seldom held between the two parties due to a lack of sincerity on the part of one party.因一方缺乏诚意,双方很少进行对话。Few of the countries have responded positively to the US trade policy.没有几个国家对美国的贸易政策做出积极反应。,2.
8、and 引导的并列结构,当and 引导的并列结构放在否定结构中时,表 示部分否定,通常否定and后面的部分,可译成“不能都”、“并非既又”。You cannot eat your cake and have it.鱼和熊掌不可兼得/事无双全。He is not the president and chairman of the company.他并非身兼总裁和董事长两职。他是公司总裁,但不是董事长。,否定句式(3):形式否定英语中有些否定词与其他词连用形成一种固定搭配,这种结构从表面上看是否定的,而实际上所表达的却是肯 定意义,这种结构就是形式否定。常见的形式否定结构有以下几种:The imp
9、ortance of market research cannot be overstated.市场调研的重要性无论怎样强调都不为过。You cannot be careful enough while signing a contract.签合同时越谨慎越好。1.cannot too;cannotover-;cannot enough等表示“无论怎样也不为 过”,“越 越好”,其意义是肯定的。,I cannot state too strongly my appreciation of the part you played in the negotiation in order to br
10、ing about the desired result.为了达到预想的结果,你在谈判中起了很大的作用,对这一点我怎么感谢也不为过。形式否定,Its a good horse that never stumbles.,好马也有失蹄时。Its agood workman that never blunders.智者千虑,必有一失。It is a long lane that has no turning.路必有弯(,事必有变)。2.It is a(an)形容词名词否定从句,这种结构 表示肯定,往往翻译成“再也会”。形式否定,How often have they not complained a
11、bout the high prices we offer!,他们经常抱怨我方报价太高!3.某些带not的疑问句、感叹句、陈述句同样表 示肯定的含义。形式否定,Manufacturers spend not a little on advertisements of products.,制造商在产品广告方面投入很多。4.not()a little,no little,not()slightly 的句子也表示肯定意义,可以译成“很多”,“非常”。形式否定,As likely as not,they have heard the news already.很可能他们已经听到这个消息了。,He is
12、 old,none the less he works like a young man.他虽然上了年纪,但是干起活来还像个年轻人。As often as not the buses are late in peak hours公交车往往在高峰时间晚点。More often than not conservative people look backwardrather than forward,保守的人往往不是向前看,而是往后看。5.含有否定词而又不表示否定的固定词组有很多,常见的有as likely as not(大概,很可能),more often than not,as often as not(往 往,经常),none the less(依然,依旧)。形式否定,The applicant was too eager to know the result of interview.,这位求职者迫不及待地想知道面试结果。6.too+ready(eager,easy,anxious,willing,inclined,apt等adj.)+to时,不表示否定,而表 示“非常”和“极为”
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