高中英语必修9Module6Period2GrammarandUsageWord下载.docx

1、2） by+doing结构 He earns his living by teaching.3） by+n.（表示交通路线、工具的名词）by land/road/train/bus/jeep/bike by sea/water/ship/boat by air/plane4） by +n.（表示面积、体积等的名词） by area/volume/weight/length/width/height/depth5） by the +n.（表示度量衡的名词） by the hour/day/week/month/year/kilogram/yard/meterIn England, sugar i

2、s sold by the pound, eggs by the dozen and cloth by the yard.在英国，糖按磅卖，蛋按打卖，布按码卖。2主谓一致用法归纳语法一致原则主语的单复数决定了谓语动词形式的单复数。例如：A student is waiting for you in your office. 一名学生正你办公室等你。Two students are waiting for you in your office.（xx浙江）改错Starting your collection of stamps are easy because they are everywhe

3、re. （ Key: is）you will probably want to join the Stamp Collectors Club which exist to add more stamps to your collection. （ Key: exists ）意义一致原则1） 集合名词作主语，强调整体时用单数；强调各个成员时用复数。常见集合名词中，谓语动词只能用复数的有：police，people，public，cattle，population。根据表达的实际意义来确定的有：family，class，team，group等。The police are searching fo

4、r the murderer everywhere. 警方正在到处寻找杀人犯。My family is a big and happy one. 我家是一个幸福的大家庭。His family are all sitting on the sofa watching TV. 他全家都正坐在沙发上看电视。2）all，some，half，most，the rest，what从句等作主语时，谓语动词需根据实际表达的意义。I know that all are getting along well with the newer. 我知道新来者一切进展顺利。All has been done to pre

5、vent him from smoking. 已想尽办法不让他吸烟。What we really need is more time.（与表语一致） 其实我们所需要的是更多的时间。What they really need are doctors.（与表语一致） 其实我们所需要的是医生。3）-s/-ics结尾的学科名称及news，works做主语时，谓语动词用单数。The news was very exciting. 这条消息非常激动人心。Mathematics is of great importance to middle school students.数学对中学生来说非常重要。4）“

6、the+形容词”表示一类人在句中做主语时，谓语动词用复数；表示一类物时，谓语动词用单数，例如：The old are taken good care of in our society.老年人在我们的社会中会受到很好的照顾。The beautiful is not always the useful. 好看的不一定实用。5） and，bothand连接的主语，谓语动词用复数，但由and连接的主语表示同一个人同一件物、同一个概念时，谓语动词须用单数形式，例如：The secretary and manager was present at the meeting. 书记兼经理出席了会议。The

7、secretary and the manager were present at the meeting.书记和经理都出席了会议。6） 两个单数名词各自或前面一个受到every，each，no，many a修饰时，谓语动词须用数形式。Every boy and every girl knows that each day and each hour bring its duty.每一个男孩和每一个女孩都清楚自己每时每刻的责任。All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 只工作不玩耍聪明孩子也变傻。7） one of+复数名词作先行词，在定语从句中充

8、当主语时，谓语动词用复数；the only one复数名词作先行词，在定语从句中充当主语时，谓语动词则须用单数。He is the only one of the students in our school who has taken part in the International Olympic Mathematics Contest. 他是我们学校唯一参加过国际奥林匹克数学竞赛的学生。He is one of the students in our school who have taken part in the International Olympic Mathematics

9、Contest. 他是我们学校参加过国际奥林匹克数学竞赛的学生之一。8） 做主语的名词受到分数、百分数或表示 “许多”的词及短语修饰时，谓语动词的单复取决于该名词是可数复数还是不可数名词，是可数复数时，谓语动词用复数；是不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数。Two-thirds of the money is spent on books.Two-thirds of the people present are against the plan.A great deal of money has been spent on books.A number of the students have bee

10、n to Beijing.9） 单复数同形的名词，如means, works, series等做主语时，根据概念，表示单数时，谓动词就用单数形式，表示复数时，谓语动词就用复数形式。The quickest means of travel is by plane.A gas works is being built near our school.就近一致原则:谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。主要体现在由or, eitheror, neither nor, not onlybut also等连接主语及There be, Here be句型中，例如：Are either you or I

11、 wrong? Neither you nor I am wrong.Not only the students but also the teacher wishes to go to the Great Wall for a visit again.There is a pen and two pencils for you to choose.整体原则主语从句、不定式短语、动名词短语以及表示时间、金钱、距离等度量的词作主语，视为整体看待，谓语动词常用单数形式。What you are doing is none of my business.Collecting stamps is my

12、 brothers hobby.To remember these new words in five minutes is very difficult for me.Ten years is a short period in human history.Five hundred dollars is quite enough to pay for the second-hand car.附加原则with, together with, along with, as well as, but, except, besides, without, including, like, unlik

13、e, rather than等引出的名词做主语附加成分时，谓语动词的单复数形式与其前的名词单复数保持一致。The house, including the garden and the garage, was sold out.Sunshine, as well as water, is needed to make plants grow.Tom, together with his parents, is going abroad next week.No one but her two brothers believes what she says.In the car accident

14、, five people including the driver were killed.Jack as well as his friends is ready to help you.3动词不定式与动名词作宾语的情况：1） 以下动词后习惯跟to do 作宾语：agree want expect learn pretend decide refuse hope wish plan intend manage afford ask beg offer promise attempt2） 以下动词后习惯跟doing 作宾语：mind enjoy imagine miss finish appreciate suggest consider practise understand risk avoid delay escape give up put off keep on feel like insist on succeed in 3） 以下动词既可以跟to do , 也可以跟doing. 但含义不同：forget remember regret stop t