1、数词可以分为两种:表示数目多少的词叫做基数词,表示顺序先后的词叫做序数词。三、在句中的作用数词的用法相当于名词或形容词,所以在句子中数词能够充当名词和形容词所能充当的成分,如:主语、宾语、表语、同位语、定语、状语。如:It is said that thirteen is an unlucky number.(基数词作主语)The first isnt the best.(序数词作同位语)It is north two hundred.(基数词作宾语)He is among the first to get to the international airport.(序数词作表语)The vi
2、sitors in this place of interest are about five thousand.(基数词作表语)Now, he has become the first in the race.(序数词作表语)We, four will look together to solve the problem.(基数词作同位语)Jim, the last, was scolded by his teacher.(序数词作同位语)The kind woman gave the boy five apples.(基数词作定语)I think he is the first perso
3、n knowing the secret.(序数词作定语)Its very dangerous to ride two or more.(基数词作状语)The company ranks first among the similar companies.(序数词作状语)四、两种基本数词的用法1、基数词的用法(1)基数词中的112是单个的独立的单词,1319加后缀-teen构成的相应基数,2090是由29加后缀-ty构成的相应基数。在此要注意几个词的拼法,在原有的基数词上少有变化:thirteen、fifteen、eighteen、twenty、thirty、forty、fifty、eight
4、y。(2)表示其他的两位数,十位数与个位数之间需用连字符“”。(3)百位数与十位数之间,在英国要用and连接,美国一般不用,百位数由19加hundred构成,十位与个位数的表示法语两位数表示法相同。(4)千位数由19加thousand构成,其后的百、十、个位数的构成法同前。one thousand, five hundred and twentythree(5)“万”及“十万”的表示法,英语中没有“万”这个单位,所以用最靠近它的那个单位thousand表示。10000:ten thousand100000: (a/one)hundred thousand58864:fiftyeight tho
5、usand eight hundred (and)sixtyfour758000:seven hundred and fiftyeight thousand(6)百万以上的数,英美的不同表示法:汉语中的“亿”到英语中应用million表达,比较:数字 汉语表示法 英语表示法 英语表示法106 百万 million million109 10亿 a/one thousand million a billion1012 兆 a billion a trillion1亿:a hundred million90亿:nine thousand million(英)、nine billion(美)(7)多
6、种“零”的表达法zero:这是最常见最熟悉不过的一种表示法,多用在表达数学及温度上,如:three degrees below zero、.08=point zero eight(在这种情况下也可用naughty表示,如上述.08也可表示为point naughty eight)nothing或nil:这种表示法是一种运动比赛说法,常用在比赛场合,如:2:0=two(goals to)nil或two(to)nothing在电话或数学用语中常把零读作/?u/。(8)表示确切数字时,hundred、thousand、million、billion等只能用单数形式,不可加“s”构成对于复数。two
7、hundred、ten million tons of goods。但表示约数时,如表示“数百、数千、成百上千、成千上万等”且后常跟of连用时,基数词要加-s。Hundreds of students rush out of the teaching building.Millions of people in the world die from the disease every year.Hundreds (tens) of thousands of visitors come to visit this park every summer.注意:当hundred of、thousand
8、 of、million of被several、some、a few、many等修饰时,对应的hundred、thousand、million用单复数均可。如Many hundred(s) of applicants will be employed in the company.Several million(s) of teachers are sent to the west to teach.表示“多少人一组或一排或几个人一起”,基数词要用复数形式。Please come in in three at a time.In daily life, we like to count thin
9、gs in twos.(9)量词dozen、score、brace、head、gross等表示精确数字时,不用复数形式,但表示不确切数字时要用复数。two dozen eggs ten score books three head of cattledozens of eggs scores of books herds of cattle下面介绍三个重要量词的用法:dozen的用法:(1)dozen与数词或many连用时,复数不加-s,如:three(many)dozen apples。(2)dozen与of连用,而且dozen前有确切数字修饰“多少打”,dozen不用复数,表示“一打”之意
10、时前用a或one修饰。I want five dozen of these pens.two dozen of these people当dozen所修饰的中心名词被指使代词these、those等修饰或被修饰的词是人称代词宾格时,必须和of连用(如上述两例)。(3)与of连用,dozen前常用复数,其前可用some、many修饰。some dozens of men、many dozens of years等。head的用法对于head表示“头”时,只能用单数(也可将head看作单位词,所以无需用复数),如:fifty head of cattle。score的用法(1)score直接被基数
11、词修饰,后接名词,如:a/one score boy students、three score teachers。(2)在“基数词+score + of”结构中,of后可接名词(但名词前需有定冠词the或指示代词these、those等修饰),也可接人称代词宾格。five score of those employeesTwo score of them will work together.(3)“score of+复数名词”表示“好几十,许多”。(有时,of+复数名词可省略,直接用scores作主语)Scores of patients die from liver cancer.Scor
12、es were praised at the meeting.下面通过一组比较,概括score的用法:two score desks(正)two score of desks(正)two scores desks(误)two scores of desks(误)(10)基数词可用来表示课文、书页、门牌号、房屋、教室等的编号。第四课:Lesson Four第二页:Page Two第八行:Line Eight第五号房间:Room Five对此应注意两点:用基数词表示编号顺序时,名词应放在基数词前,名词与基数词的首字母都应大写。上述结构可用the+序数词+名词代替,如:Lesson Four=the
13、 fourth lesson。2、序数词的用法(1)序数词第119的构成方式:除前三个first、second、third形式外,其余序数词的构成由基数词加后缀-th构成,但要注意fifth、eighth、ninth、twelfth的拼法。(2)十位数的构成方法(即以-ty结尾的基数词),将-y改为-i再加-eth,如:twentieth、thirtieth。(3)两位数的基数词时,只需将个位上的基数词19变为相应序数词既可,如:twentyfirst、fiftyeighth。(4)百、千、万等的序数词由hundred、thousand等加-th构成,如:(one)hundredth、ten
14、thousandth、(one)hundred thousandth、(one)millionth、(one)billionth。序数词hundredth、thousandth、millionth、billionth之前的“”只可用one不可用a。(5)多位数的序数词表示法:多位数序数词的后位数如包含19时,后位数19用序数词,前位数同基数词中间出现零时,用and连接。1251st: one thousand two hundred (and) fiftyfirst1051st: one thousand and fiftyfirst(6)序数词的缩写形式由阿拉伯数字加相应序数词的最后两个字母构成,如:1st、2nd、3rd、21st、22nd、70th。(7)序数词作被修饰词或是用来修饰被修饰词时,后面的后置定语要用不定式,不可用动名词或是其他形式。He is always the first to be present at the meeting.The lady caugh
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