宾语从句讲解及练习附答案.docx

1、宾语从句讲解及练习附答案宾语从句是主从复合句中最常见的从句之一。 它作及物动词、介词或者某些形容词的宾语。由于宾语从句涉及到引导词、语序、时态等多方面的内容，所以宾语从句的用法一直是学习的重点难点。本文对宾语从句的用法进行了详尽讲解并附有专项练习，现分述如下：一.宾语从句的定义 置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。谓语动词、介词、动词不定式，v.-ing形式后面都能带宾语从句。有些形容词（afraid,sure,glad等）之后也可以带宾语从句。二.宾语从句中引导词的用法在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有： 连词：that (that 常可省略),whether, if 代词：w

2、ho, whose, what ,which 副词：when ,where, how, why 等。（一）that引导的宾语从句（在非正式场合that可以省略）1. 可跟that从句做宾语的动词有：say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, req

3、uire, propose, declare, report等。例句：The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets. 2.引导宾语从句的that在下列情况下一般不省略：（1）. 宾语从句前有插入语。如：We hope, on the contrary, that he will stay at home with us. 恰恰相反，我们希望他和我们呆在家里。（2）. 有间接宾语时。如：He told me that he was leaving for Japan. 他告诉我他要去日本。（3）. that

4、在与之并列的另一个宾语从句之后。如：He said (that) the book was very interesting and that(不省略) all the children like to read it.他说那本书很有趣，所有小孩都喜欢读。（4）. 在“it(形式宾语)+补语”之后时。如：I think it necessary that he should stay here. 我们认为他有必要留在这里。（5）. that从句单独回答问题时。如：What did he hear? 他听说了什么事？That Kate had passed the exam. (他听说)凯特考试

5、及格了。（6）. 在except等介词后。如：He has no special fault except that he smokes too much.他除了抽烟太多之外,没有什么特别的毛病。（7）. 位于句首时。如：That our team will win, I believe. 我相信我们队会赢。（8）. 在较为正式或不常用的动词(如reply, object)后。如：He replied that he disagreed. 他回答说他不同意。（二）由whether,if 引导的宾语从句 由whether(if)引导的宾语从句，实际上是一般疑问句演变而来的。意思是“是否”。宾语从

6、句要用陈述句语序。一般说来，在宾语从句中whether与if可以互换使用，但在特殊情况下if与whether是不能互换的。1.只能用whether，不能用if引导的宾语从句（1）在带to的不定式前例句：We decided whether to walk there. （2）在介词的后面例句：Im thinking of whether we should go to see the film. （3）在动词discuss后面的宾语从句时例句：We discussed whether we had a sports meeting next week （4）直接与or not连用时例句：I c

7、ant say whether or not thet can come on time. 2.只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句（1）if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”例句：The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny. （2）if引导否定概念的宾语从句时例句：He asked if I didnt come to school yesterday. （3）引导状语从句even if（即使）和as if（好象）时例句：He talks as if he has known all about it. （三）连接代词和连接副词引导的宾

8、语从句 这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的，宾语从句要用陈述句语序。用于这种结构的动词常常是：see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise等。英语中的连接代词有：who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。例句：Can you tell me whom you are waiting for?英语中的连接副词有：when,where

9、,why,how，在句中担任状语的成分。例句：None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.三.宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序即：连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+其他成分。例句如下：I dont know what they are looking for. Could you tell me when the train will leave? Can you imagine what kind of man he is? 四.宾语从句的时态主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。例句：The headmaster h

10、opes everything goes well. 主句是过去时态，从句须用过去时态的某种形式。例句：She was sorry that she hadnt finished her work on time. 当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。例句：The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound.五 宾语从句中的否定前移 如果主句的谓语动词是believe, think, guess, suppose等，而且主句的主语又是第一人称时，它后面接的宾语从句的否定词通

11、常要前移到主句中，即否定主句中的动词，这也就是我们平常所说的“否定的转移”。 I dont think (that) it will rain. I dont believe he tells lies. 注意： 这种否定前移的宾语从句，在变成反意疑问句时，反意疑问句的主谓语要与从句一致。 I dont think (that) he is interested in that thing, is he? 我认为他对那件事不感兴趣，对吗？ 如果主句的主语是第二和第三人称时，它后面接的宾语从句的否定词通常不前移，它的反意疑问句的主谓语应该与主句一致，即如果主句是肯定，反意疑问部分就用否定；如果主

12、句是否定，那么反意疑问部分就用肯定。 She thought that film was not interesting, didnt she? 她认为那部电影不好看，是吗？ You think you cant get up, dont you? 你认为你起不来，是吗？六宾语从句的简化（常用六法 ）方法一：简化为不定式结构 当主句谓语动词是hope， decide， wish， choose， agree， promise等，且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。例如： Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. Li Ming

13、hopes to be back very soon. We decided that we would help him. We decided to help him. 方法二：简化为“疑问词+不定式” 当主句谓语动词是know， learn， remember， forget， tell等动词，且主句主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如： She has forgotten how she can open the window. She has forgotten how to open the window. 注：当主句谓语动词是tell， ask， s

14、how， teach等动词，且后带双宾语，从句主语和间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如： Could you tell me how I can get to the station？ Could you tell me how to get to the station？ 方法三：简化为“名词（代词）+不定式” 当主句的谓语动词是order（命令），require（需要）等时，如果主句和从句的主语不一致，宾语从句可简化为“名词（代词）+不定式”结构。例如： The headmaster ordered that we should start at once. Th

15、e headmaster ordered us to start at once. 方法四：简化为介词加动名词（短语） 某些动词后的宾语从句，可以用介词加动名词（短语）等其他形式简化。例如： He insisted that he should go with us. He insisted on going with us. The poor boy doesnt know when and where he was born. The poor boy doesnt know the time and the place of his birth. 方法五：简化为“宾语+V-ing形式（作宾语补足语）” 某些动词后面的宾语从句可转化为“宾语+V-ing形式（作宾语补足语）”结构。例如： Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground. Liu Pi