高级英语1修辞格知识分享Word文档格式.docx

1、1The oratorial（雄辩的） storm that Clarence Darrow and Dudley Field Malone blew up in the little court in Dayton swept like a fresh wind though the schools2I see also the dull（迟钝的）, drilled（训练有素的）, docile（易驯服的）, brutish（粗野的） masses of the Hun soldiery plodding（沉重缓慢地走） on like a swarm（群） of crawling locu

2、sts（蝗虫）.（2）metaphor 暗喻暗含的比喻。A是B或B就是A。All the worlds a stage, and all the men and women merely players演员. （ William Shakespeare ）整个世界是座舞台，男男女女，演员而已。Education is not the filling of a pail桶, but the lighting of a fire. （ William B. Yeats ） 教育不是注满一桶水，而是点燃一把火。1It is a vast（巨大的）, sombre（忧郁的） cavern（洞穴） of

3、 a room,2Mark Twain - Mirror of America3main artery（干线）of transportation in the young nations heart4We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air, until, with Gods help, we have rid the earth of his shadow and liberated its peoples from his yoke（枷锁）.5The dye-ma

4、rket, the pottery market and the carpenters market lie elsewhere in the maze of vaulted streets which honeycomb the bazaar. A 6the last this intermezzo came to an end7.the epidemic of gold and silver fever. 8Twain began digging his way to regional fame. 9Mark Twain honed and experimented with his ne

5、w writing muscles.（3）metonymy 借代，转喻用一事物的名称来代替另一事物，当然这一事物与另一事物是有关联的。The White House has denied the report that more troops will be sent to Iraq. He lives by the pen. （=writing）. 他以写作为生。He is too fond of the bottle （=drinking）. 他太贪杯了。 1.his pen would prove mightier than his pickaxe（镐）（4）synecdoche 提喻以

6、部分指代整体1.We are lack of hands. （hands 指代人手，劳动力）2.The case had erupted round my head. （head指代整个人）（5）personification 拟人把物比喻成人。在修辞学上，拟人法是指把非人的东西（如动物、植物、物体、抽象概念等）当作人来描写，并赋予它们以人的特性、外表及活动方式等。1Every here and there, a doorway gives a glimpse of a sunlit courtyard, perhaps before a mosque or a caravanserai, w

7、here camels lie disdainfully（轻蔑的傲慢的） chewing their hay（干草）2.to literatures enduring gratitude.（文学的持续感激）3The grave world smiles as usual.4Bitterness fed on the man.（痛苦为人类提供食物）（6）transferred epithet 移就 修饰转移把本应该用来描述甲事物状态的定语去形容乙事物，而乙事物却根本不具备这种性质或功能。（转移描述词; 移就修辞格）1Darrow had whispered throwing a reassuri

8、ng arm round my shoulder2The obese（极为肥胖的） body shook in an appreciative chuckle.3（7）hyperbole 夸张这是一种故意夸大其词或言过其实（overstatement）的修辞手法，其特点是对表达对象进行有违常识或不合逻辑的夸张性描写，以此来取得强烈的修辞效果。用数字，形容词副词最高级，全世界，虚拟语气1The roadway is about twelve feet wide, but it is narrowed every few yards by little stalls where goods of

9、every conceivable kind are sold.2It is a vast, sombre（忧郁的，严峻的） cavern（洞穴） of a room so thick with dust of centuries.3.cruise through eternal boyhood and .endless summer of freedom.4The trial that rocked the world5His reputation as an authority on Scripture is recognized throughout the world.（8）oxymo

10、ron 矛盾修饰法Parting is such sweet sorrow. （ 别离是这样甜蜜的凄清）a thunderous silence 无声胜有声a mournful optimist 悲伤的乐观Dudley Field Malene called my conviction a, victorious defeat. （9）euphemism 委婉语作为一种修辞格，Euphemism （委婉）指的是以较文雅、悦耳或温婉的说法来代替粗野、刺耳或直露的说法。它能借助语音、语法、词汇及其他修辞手段，得体地表达生活中那些使人尴尬、惹人不快、招人厌恶或令人恐惧的事物。其主要修辞作用是在语言表

11、达上减少刺激性和敏感性，从而起到一种缓冲或美化作用。英语委婉语数量众多，其运用范围涉及到社会生活诸领域，大致可概括为以下四个方面 有关疾病、残疾、衰老、死亡的委婉语1 a motley band of Confederate guerrillas who diligently avoided contact with the enemy.2.mens final release from earthly struggle（10）Irony反语the use of words to express something different from and often opposite to th

12、eir literal meaning. 反语用词语表达与它们的字面意思相异或相反的用法Thanks to his brilliant leadership, our company is now bankrupt.You are really good. You ruined everything.1Hiroshimathe “liveliest” city in Japan2 until we are marching backwards to the glorious age of the sixteenth century（11）sarcasm 讽刺 a cutting, often

13、ironic remark intended to wound. 是指用尖酸刻薄的话对个人的缺点、过失、社会的丑恶现象或黑暗面进行讥讽、挖苦,常是有意地伤害他人的感情,所以常含有较强的贬义。My friend the attorney-general says that John Scopes knows what he is here for, Darrow drawled. I know what he is here for, too. He is here because ignorance and bigotry（顽固） are rampant, and it is a mighty

14、 strong combination. 1There is some doubt about that.（12） ridicule（丑化、嘲笑）有意激起对某人或某事的蔑视的笑或看不起的感情, 通常指用一些不太善意的或看起来比较滑稽和夸张的语言对不良的或愚蠢的行为进行揭露和批评。2Bryan, ageing and paunchy, was assisted 3Resolutely he strode to the stand, carrying a palm fan like a sword to repel his enemies. 4Bryan mopped his bald dome

15、in silence.（12）pun 双关1DARWIN IS RIGHT INSIDE.2Benjamin Franklin: “If we dont hang together, we shall most assuredly hang separately.” （Peter stone and Sherman Edwards. 1776） 如果我们不能紧密地团结在一起，那就必然分散地走上绞刑架。二、结构修辞格（13）parallelism 排比英语中Parallelism是并列使用两个或两个以上结构和功能相同的单词、短语或句子来表达相似、相关或相连的事物。1We shall fight