外研版高一上学期英语语法讲解句法无答案语文Word格式.docx

1、（3） What a pretty bird!多美丽的小鸟啊！（感叹句，省略了主语和谓语）2. 有时候一个词即可成为句子，因为它具备了主语与谓语，且能表达完整的意思；有时候成群的词却不能成为句子，因为它没有具备主语与谓语，因此：句子的成立与否，与词数的多少毫无关系。（1） Hide.躲起来。（句子）（2） The poor old man with white hair and a white beard who is reading a book in his left hand白头发、白胡子、左手里拿着一本书在看的那个可怜的老人 （不是句子）（3） The poor old man wit

2、h white hair and a white beard who is reading a book in his left hand lives alone in the little cottage at the foot of the hill behind my house.那个白头发、白胡子、左手里拿着一本书在看的可怜的老人单独住在我家屋后那个山脚下的那间小茅草屋里。3. 同一个主语不可有两个谓语，除非其中有并列连词。（1） a. I hate write letters. 我讨厌写信。 b.I hate writing letters.（2） a.He eats, drinks

3、,plays all day long. 他终日吃喝玩乐。b.He eats and drinks and plays all day long.（3） I neither lend money nor borrow money. 我既不借钱给人，也不向人借钱。4.不要把从句的主语或谓语当作主句的主语或谓语。 主句与分句都要具备主语与谓语已如前述。但：主句与从句均各有其主语与谓语，二者绝不可合用同一个主语和谓语。例如：（1） a.Those eat too much will easily get sick. b. Those who eat too much will easily get

4、sick.（吃得太多的人容易生病）（2） a.A man who is diligent. （不是句子） b.A man who is diligent to succeed.二、句子的成分 句子成分必须的成分 主语谓语可能有的成分宾语补语修饰语1.句子是由作用不同的各个部分组成的，这些部分就叫做句子成分。它可以是单词、词组、或从句。在句子中起主要作用的成分有：主语、谓语。起次要作用的宾语、宾语补语、定语、状语、表语等。eg.1）我（主）深深地（状）热爱（谓）我的（定）祖国（宾）。I （主）deeply（状） love （谓）my（定） motherland（宾）. 2） 昨天（状）我（主）狠

5、狠地（状）揍了（谓）他（宾）。I （主）beat（谓） him（宾） badly（状） yesterday（状）。 3）We（主） are（谓） the world（表）. 4）He （主）gave（谓） me （间接宾语）a book（直接宾语） 5）I（主） saw（谓） him（宾） playing basketball（宾补）.2.词类相互间的关系。（1） adj./num/n.可以修饰n. adj.还可以修饰pron.Eg: 1） The three tall and strong men are all basketball players. （数词three和形容词tall, s

6、trong 修饰名词men; 名词basketball 修饰名词players） 2） The writer often writes something interesting about children. （形容词interesting修饰不定代词something）（2） adv.修饰v./adj./adv. Eg:1） His sister plays the piano quite well. （副词well 修饰动词play, 副词quite 修饰另一副词well）2） The story is very interesting. （副词very 修饰形容词interesting

7、）（3） 冠词只用于名词之前，辅助指明名词的含义；介词与它后面的名词或代词构成介词短语时才能在句子中作一定的成分（定语、状语、表语） The students of Class Two are having a meeting in the school yard. （两个the 分别指明students 和school yard. 介词短语of Class Two 作定语，修饰the students. 介词短语in the school yard作状语，修饰谓语are having）3.词类和句子成分的关系（1） 主语：是句子主要说明的人或物，（2） 是句子的主体，（3） 一般放在句首。N

8、., pron, num, -ing, to do 和主语从句可做主语。 Two and six is eight. Smoking is harmful to the health. To swim in the sea is a great pleasure. What we shall do next is not yet decided.（4） 谓语：说明主语的动作或状态。动词在句子中做谓语，（5） 一般放在主语之后。 The new term begins on the first of September. His father is an engineer. She seemed

9、 tired. Mary showed me her album.（6） 宾语：及物动词涉及到的人或物称为动词宾语。（7）介词后面的名词或代词称为介词宾语。N., pron., num.可作动词宾语和介词宾语，（8） to do 可作动词宾语，（9） -ing.,和宾语从句可作动词宾语和介词宾语。 This medicine is good for a cough. How many books do you want? My little sister always likes to ask questions. Would you mind coming earlier tomorrow?

10、 His brother is good at playing chess.（10） 宾语补足语：在宾语后补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征的成分. adj., adv., to do, -ing, -ed 和介词短语可作宾语补足语。 He found the meeting over when he arrived there. You should put your things in order. The doctor advised her to stay in bed.We saw the students playing basketball.I dont believe the st

11、ory true. （11） 表语：在系动词后用来说明主语的身份、状态或特征的成分是表语。可作表语的有n., pron, adj., adv., 介词短语、分词、动名词、不定式和表语从句。 My father is a doctor. He is always careless. The basketball match is on. All the students are on the playground now. Our aim is to finish the assignment in three days.His work is teaching French.The glass

12、 is broken.The question is who can repair the watch.（14） 定语：用来修饰名词或代词的成分是定语。单词做定语时， 通常放在所修饰的名词前。但修饰不定代词（如nothing, anything, something, everything等）或短语和从句做定语时， 放在所修饰的名词之后。Adj., n., pron., num., adv.,介词短语， to do , ing, -ed,定语从句可以做定语。 a great country something important few women workers oil workers he

13、re ten desks a report on science a lot of work to do the girl playing the piano is my sister. the dormitory built last year is for post-graduates.（22） 状语：修饰v., adj., adv., 或全句的成分是状语。修饰形容词的状语通常放在所修饰的词之前，修饰动词的状语通常放在所修饰词之后。但有些副词（often, always, usually等）做状语时，则放在行为动词之前、be动词之后。副词， 介词短语， 名词词组，不定式短语，分词短语和状语

14、从句可作状语。 He didnt know how to deal with the problem properly. She sins quite well. He often tell me about his life in the past. She usually goes out to do some shopping on Sundays. He will leave for Shanghai the day after tomorrow. They went out to see whats the matter. Being a teacher, she is always ready to help her students. He sat there reading a book.