1、有单数和复数两种形式。指一个人或一件事物时,用单数形式;指两个或多个人或事物时用复数形式。名词由单数形式变成复数形式的规则如下:可数名词复数的规则变化:1. 一般的名词词尾直接加-s 。如:book books room roomshouse houses day days2. 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词,在词尾加-es 。bus buses box boxeswatch watches dish dishes3. 以辅音字母+y结尾的名词,要先将y改为i再加-es。city cities body bodiesfactory factories4. 以o结尾的名词,通常有生命的加e
2、s无生命的加s。Negroes and heroes like eating tomatoes and potatoes.黑人英雄爱吃土豆西红柿。piano pianos radioradios photos5.以f 或fe 结尾的名词,要将f或fe改为v再加-es。half halves leaf leavesknife knives wife wives可数名词复数的不规则变化:男人女人a变e, manmen womanwomen鹅足牙oo变ee, goosegeese footfeet toothteeth老鼠虱子也好记,ous变ic, mousemice louselice孩子加上re
3、n,鱼鹿绵羊不用变。 childchildren fishfish deerdeer sheepsheep不可数1.不可数名词没有复数,当它作句子的主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式1。The food is very fresh.食品很新鲜。2. 有的不可数名词也可以作可数名词,有复数形式,但他们的意义往往发生变化。water (水) waters (水域)orange (橘汁) oranges (橘子)3. 很多的不可数名词表示泛指时为不可数,表示种类时就可数,但意义大多不发生变化。fruit fruits food foodsfish fishes hair hairs最常见的不可数名词有:b
4、aggage, change(零钱), furniture, hair, homework, information, knowledge, luggage, money, news, progress, traffic ,beef,mutton,broccoli,orange(橘子,橘子汁,橙色)其它不可数名词还有:absence, age, anger, courage, energy, equipment, experience, failure, fear, food, fun, health, ice, industry, kindness, labour, luck, marria
5、ge, music, nature, paper, peace, pleasure, power, pride, rain, research, respect, safety, salt, sand, silence, sleep, strength, snow, technology, time, trade, transport, travel, trust, truth, waste, water, wealth, weather, wind, work(工作)两者区别普通名词所表示的人或事物是可以按个数计算的,这类名词叫可数名词。可数名词分为个体名词(表示某类人或事物中的个体,如wo
6、rker, farmer, desk, factory等)和集体名词(表示作为一个整体来看的一群人或一些事物,如people,family 等)。如果普通名词所表示的事物是不能按个数来计算的,这类名词就叫不可数名词。不可数名词分为物质名词(表示无法分为个体的物质,如meat, rice, water, milk, orange 等)和抽象名词(表示动作、状态、情况、品质等抽象概念,如work, homework, time, health, friendship等)1特殊类型有些名词既可作可数名词,又可作不可数名词advice 劝告;消息、报告cake 蛋糕chocolate 巧克力fish
7、鱼、鱼肉chicken 鸡、鸡肉 用在不可数名词前的量词词组的单复数变化a bottle of ink 一瓶墨水two bottles of ink 两瓶墨水 用在不可数名词前的量词词组要按英语的习惯与不可数名词搭配,a piece of meat 一块肉a piece of paper 一张纸a bar of chocolate 一块巧克力变形形式1)单数名词加s: students, apples, bags, trees, books, brothers.2)以s、x、sh、ch结尾的名词加es: glasses, boxes, brushes, matches.3)以辅音字母加y结尾的
8、名词,变y为i加es: cities, babies, enemies.4)以f或fe结尾的名词,多数变f或fe为v加es: wives, knives.但有些词只加s: roofs, proof s, chiefs.5)以o结尾的名词,有些加es: Negroes, heroes, tomatoes, potatoes.其它加s: radio s, zoos, pianos, photos. 以o结尾的名词,若该名词表示有生命,则在o后面加es.6)不规则名词:footfeet, goosegeese, toothteeth, childchildren, manme n, womanwom
9、en, sheepsheep, deerdeer, mousemice.7)某些外来词变复数:datumdata, mediummedia, bacteriumbacteria, curriculumcurricula, criterioncriteria, phenomenonphenomena. (um/ona)analysisanalyses, basisbases, crisiscrises, diagnosisdiagnoses.(ises )8)复合名词变复数:以不可数名词结尾的复合名词无复数形式,如:homework.以man或woman为前缀的复合名词变复数,前后两个名词都变复
10、数,如:manservantmenservants, woman student women students.?其它复合名词变复数:grown upgrown ups, brother in lawbrothers in law, stand bystands by.9)复合形容词做定语时,其中的名词保持单数:a six year old boy,a two hundred page book注意事项1、可数名词是可以用来计数的名词。可数名词有单数和复数形式。desk-desks, apple-apples等。不可数名词是不可以直接用来计数的名词。不可数名词没有复数形式,只有单数形式。som
11、e bread, a little milk等。2、单数可数名词表示泛指时,前面要用不定冠词a(an),表示特指时,前面要用定冠词the; 而不可数名词前不能用a(an)修饰,表示特指时,前面一定要用定冠词the。He is a factory worker. 他是一名工人。No one can see air. 没有人能看见空气。3、可数名词和不可数名词前都可以用some, any, a lot of, lots of 等来修饰,表示一些,许多There are some oranges on the desk. 桌子上有一些桔子。There is a lot of water in the
12、 bottle. 瓶里有许多水。4、可数名词前可用具体的数词来表示具体的数量。two apples, four books等。不可数名词前通常用单位词+of来表示数量。 a piece of paper, three pieces of paper等。5、可数名词作主语时,谓语动词的单复数与主语的单复数保持一致。This picture is very beautiful. 这幅画很美。不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式,但是不可数名词前有复数单位词时,谓语动词要用复数形式。There are two cups of tea on the table. 桌上有两杯茶。6、对可数名词前的修
13、饰语提问用how many; 对不可数名词前的修饰语提问用how much。 如:How many apples are there in the box?盒子里有多少个苹果?How much tea is there in the cup?杯里有多少茶水?注意:对不可数名词前的的修饰语提问时,疑问词用how many。How many pieces of bread are there on the plate?盘子里有多少片面包?some与any的用法区别 一、一般说来,some用于肯定句,any用于否定句和疑问句。She wants some chalk.She doesnt want any chalk.二、any可与not以外其他有否定含义的词连用,表达否定概念。He never had any regular schooling.三、any可以用于表达疑问概念的条件句中。If you have any trouble, please let me know. 四、在下列场合,some也可用于疑问句。1、说话人认为对方的答复将是肯定的。Are you expecting some visitors this afternoon?(说
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